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http://www.archive.org/details/reportofwatercomOOchic 


REPORT 


'li)oJtrCanmnssiaittr£fuftlje  Citi)  nf  Cliirnga, 


JfADE  TO  THfi 


COMMON    COU 


DECEMBER   8 , ,) 


TOUETHER  WITJ'   :  UK 


£i@-l?   ®[F   [lia®®S^?®[8 


AND  A  STATE.)JENT  OF  THE 


FINANCIAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  CITV 


NOVEMBEil  10, 


CHICAG 

SEATOx\  &  PECK,  PMXTERS,  63 

1851. 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


Wnltt  €mmmmm  nf  tjie  Citt}  nf  Cjiiragn, 


MADE  TO  THE 


COMMON    COUNCIL, 


DECEMBER    8,    *-851 


TOGETHER  WITH 


S^f^']!  ®W  0El(g®S[?®Sii'3'tl®ffl 

AND  i  STATEMENT  OF  THE       ' 


FINANCIAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  CITY 


NOVEMBER 


CHICAG 

&EATON  &  PECK,  PRINTERS,  61 
1851. 


CHARTER 


HYDRAULIC  WORKS 


AN  ACT  

TO   INCORPORATE   THE   CHICAGO   CITY  HYDRAULIC  COMPANY. 


Be  it  enacted  hy  the  PeojAe  of  the  State  of  m^xyis  represented  in 
the  General  Assembly :  ^B' 

I.  That  John  B.  Turner,  Horatio  GMLiOomis,  and  Alson 
S.  Sherman,  be,  and  they  are  hereby  naified  and  constituted 
as  a  board  of  water  commissioners  for  the  city  of  Chicago ; 
who,  and  their  successors  in  office,  shall  be  alriBdy  politic 
and  corporate,  by  the  name  and  style  of  the  "  Bo^^of  "Water 
Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Chicago,"  and  by  that  name 
shall  have  perpetual  succession,  with  power  to  contract,  sue, 
and  be  sued,  to  purchase,  hold,  and  convey  personal  and  real 
estate,  to  have  a  common  seal,  to  alter^^^reak  the  same 
at  pleasure,  to  make  by-laws,  and  do  jpPegal  acts  which 
be  necessary  and  proper  to  carry  oq^he  eifect,  intent, 
object  of  this  act. 

II.  The  said  commissioners  sh 
tively  for  the  term  of  three,  four, 
missioners  shall,  within  sixty  days 
act,  decide  by  lot  their  respective  te' 
be  notified  by  a  written  statement  to 
said  city,   which  shall  be  entered  of  record  on'i^le  books  -of 
the  said  common  council ;  and  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  ^^'il, 


,old  their  offices  respec- 
five  years  ;  said  com- 
the  passage  of  this 
^which  decision  shall 
ommon  council  of 


in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fifty-four,  and  annually  thereafter,  there  shall  be  an  election 
held  by  the  qualified  voters  in  said  city,  in  the  same  manner 
that  elections  are  held  for  the  election  for  mayor,  for  the 
election  of  one  or  more  commissioners  to  fill  all  vacancies 
occasioned  by  the  termination,  in  any  manner,  of  the  term 
of  any  commissioner  under  this  act.  All  commissioners 
elected  subsequent  to  the  first  election  aforesaid,  shall  hold 
their  office  for  the  term  of  three  years.  And  in  case  of  the 
death  or  resignation  of  any  of  said  commissioners,  the  re- 
maining commissioners  shall  nominate  some  citizen  of  said 
city,  being  a  qualified  voter,  t^o  fill  such  vacancy,  and  shall 
^uch  citizen  to  the  common  council  of  said  city  for 
who,  if  confirmed  by  said  common  council, 
ha^e  fal^^ver  to  act  as  such  commissioner ;  but  if  the 
said  common  i|B|il  shall  refuse  to  confirm  such  nomination, 
said  commission^l^^hall  nominate  another,  and  so  on,  until 
^11  be  made ;  such  person,  when  so  con- 
vacancj"  until  the  next  regular  election 
be  held  after  such  confirmation. 

nmissioners  shall  have  power  to  loan, 
from  time  to  time,'for  such  time  as  they  shall  deem  expedient, 
a  sum  of  moijpy  not  exceeding  two  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars,  npoii  the  credit  of  said  city  of  Chicago,  and  shall 
hr;  'hority  to  issue  bonds  pledging  the  faith  and  credit 

oi'ca,.!.  City  for  the  payment  of  the  principal  and  interest  of 
said  bonds ;  which  bonds  shall  issue  under  the  seal  of  said 
board  of  conmii^ioners,  and  shall  be  signed  by  them,  or  a 
majori 

tum  per  annum 
loners  to  keep  ai 
;liem,  showing  the  n 
4  to  whom  the  sa; 
duty  to  furnish  to  th( 
ter,  as  soon  as  the  sa' 
said  clerk,  and  co; 

IV.     It  shall  b 


such  confirn>atioi 
firmed,  shall  fill 
of  a  comniissione 
III.    The  saic 


;aring  interest  not  exceeding  ten  per 

I  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  com- 

.irate  register  of  all  bonds  issued  by 

date,  and  amount  of  each  bond, 

issued ;  and  it  shall  also  be  their 

k  of  said  city  a  copy  of  such  regis- 

s  made,  which  shall  be  preserved  by 

the  records  of  said  city. 

e  dutv  of  said  commissioners  to  examine 


and  Gonsi'^'  1  all  matters  relative  to  supplying  the  city  of  Chi- 


cago  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  pure  and  wholesome  water, 
to  be  taken  from  lake  Michigan,  for  the  use  of  its  inhabitants. 
Y.  The  said  commissioners  shall  have  power,  and  it  is 
made  their  duty,  to  employ  engineers,  surveyors,  and  such 
other  persons  as,  in  their  opinion,  may  be  necessary  to  enable 
them  to  perform  their  duties  under  this  act, 

VI.  Said  commissioners  shall  have  the  power,  and  it  is 
hereby  made  their  duty,  as  soon  as  may  be,  after  the  neces- 
sary funds  shall  have  been  procured,  as  herein  provided,  to 
purchase  such  lot  or  lots  of  land,  and  to  construct  such  build- 
ings, machinery,  and  fixtures,  as  shall  be  deemed  necessary 
or  desirable  to  furnish  a  full  supply  of  water  for  public  and 
private  use  in  said  city. 

VII.  Said  commissioners  shall  have  power  to  construct 
reservoirs,  jets,  and  public  and  private  hydrants,  and  to  lay 
pipes  in  and  through  all  the  alleys  and  streets  of  said  city ; 
and  also  across  all  rivers  and  streams,  n|lt  interfering  with 
the  navigation  of  the  same,  and  with  th  Jfeonsent  of  the  com- 
mon council  of  said  city,  to  construct  f<J^tains  in  the  public 
squares,  or  such  other  joublic  grounds  ^P,  said  city  as  they 
shall  deem  expedient.  % 

VIII.  The  said  commissioners  shall,  irom  time  to  time, 
assess  the  water  rents  to  be  paid  for  water  use^  at  each  house 
or  other  building,  against  the  occupant  or  occupants,  owner 
or  owners  of  such  house  or  other  building,  upon'such  basis 
as  they  shall  deem  equitable ;  and  such  water  rents  shall  be- 
come a  continuing  lien  upon  such  house  or  other  building, 
for  the  accommodation  of  which  water  shall  have  been  intro- 
duced, and  upon  the  land  or  lot  and  hm^|W5Rr6WIBirbuilding, 
on  which  such  house  or  other  buildii^^Rnds,  when  said  lot 
or  land  and  building  are  owned  bv^^Hpme  person  or  per- 
sons, from  the  time  the  water  shal^HI^  been  introduced  as 

IX.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  sai^Kmmissioners  to  collect 
the  rents  so  assessed,  and  in  case  arBFperson  or  persons,  so 
assessed,  shall  neglect  to  pay  any  ^ch  assessment  for  ten 
days  after  the  time  fixed  for  the  payniip;  thereof,  of  which 
notice  shall  be  given  in  some  newspaper  published  in  said 
city,  such  notice  to  be  at  least  ten  days  before  the  time  fixed^ 


6 


f  jr  tlie  payment  of  sucli  rente,  said  commissioners  shall  issue 
their  warrants,  under  the  seal  of  said  corporation,  directed  to 
the  marshal  or  any  constable  of  said  city,  commanding  him 
to  make  the  amount  specified  in  such  warrant,  being  the 
amount  due  for  water  rent  as  aforesaid,  together  with  the 
costs  of  advertising  the  same,  and  such  fees  as  constables  are 
entitled  to  by  the  laws  of  this  State,  in  the  levy  and  sale  of 
personal  property,  upon  execution,  out  of  goods  and  chattels 
of  the  person  or  persons  so  assessed  as  aforesaid,  and  the 
marshal  or  constable  in  such  case  may  levy,  under  said  war- 
rant, upon  any  personal  property  of  the  person  or  persons 
against  whom  the  same  is  issued,  and  sell  the  same  at  public 
auction,  after  giving  ten  days'  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of 
iSaleinHfc|^^ewspaper  published  in  said  city:  and  such 
warrant^^l^iithorize  the  sale  of  any  house  or  building  on 
which  any  lien  |»11  have  attached  as  aforesaid,  subject  only 
to  such  &o»a  yicfe  incumbrances  as  shall  have  existed  prior  to 
the  time  of  the  ip.^|y.uction  of  such  water  as  aforesaid. 

X.  And  wheM«^  such  warrants  shall  be  returned  by 
said  officer  unsatfflR,  the  said  commissioners  shall  proceed 
to  sell  said  lands  and  lots,  and  building  or  buildings,  when 
owned  by  the  saiiie  person  as  aforesaid,  in  the  same  manner, 
and  after  tULyijig  given  the  like  notice,  as  is  required  by  the 
laws  o^JJpfate,  for  the  sale  of  lands  for  taxes ;  and  the 
sale  in  such  cases,  signed  by  either  of  said  com- 


ce; 


luissioners,  shall  have  the  same  force  and  efiect  as  the  certifi- 
cate required  by  law  on  the  sale  of  lands  for  taxes  as  afore- 
said.    In  case  the  said  real  estate  shall  be  sold  as  aforesaid, 


and  th 

redjeeni'the  same  i 
fce  for  the  rcdem 
commissioners 
corporation,  of  the  saS 
purchaser  or  purchase: 
as  may  bo,  the  same, 


:sons  owning  the  same  shall  neglect  to 
nner  provided  by  the  laws  of  this 
of  real  estate  on  sale  for  taxes,  the 
ive  a  deed  under  the  seal  of  said 
1  estate  so  sold  as  aforesaid,  to  the 
ercof ;  which  deed  shall  be.  as  near 
shall  have  the  like  force  and  effect 
as  deeds  given  upon  the  sale  of  lands  for  taxes  as  provided 
by  the  laws  ■  "  "  '    ?^ate. 

XL  J^n^  iiLia  L  jmmissioners  shall  also,  from  time  to  time, 
assessjt^n  the  person  or  persons  occupying,  or  owning,  any 


Louse  or  other  building  situated  in  the  vicinity  of  any  public 
hydrant,  when  said  house  or  other  building  is  not  supplied 
by  a  private  hydrant,  such  amount  as,  in  their  judgment,  the 
occupant  of  such  house  or  other  building  might  be  benefited 
by  the  use  of  such  public  hydrant ;  and  such  assessment, 
when  so  made,  shall  be  a  lien  upon  such  house  or  other 
building,  and  upon  the  lot  upon  Vv^liich  the  same  may  stand, 
when  said  house  or  other  building  and  lot  are  owned  by  the 
same  individual,  in  the  same  manner  as  hereinbefore  provi- 
ded, in  case  of  private  hydrants,  and  such  assessments  may 
be  collected  in  the  same  manner,  in  all  respects,  as  is  herein- 
before provided. 

XII.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  commissioners  tocon- 
struct  hydrants  of  sufficient  size  and  capacit}^,  a 
localities,  as  they  shall  deem  desirable  for  th^wurp'  x 
tinguishing  Jfires  ;  and  they  shall  assess  th^pouses  ami  otncr 
buildings  in  the  vicinity  of  the  said  hydrams,  in  the  propor 
tion  in  which  they  shall  deem  the  same  rea^otively  benefited ; 
and  the  said  assessment  shall  be  collecte- 
as  herein  provided  for  the  collection  of  t 
by  said  corporation. 

XIII.  The  said  commissioners  shall  keep  an  accurate 
record  of  all  proceedings,  together  with  a  list  of -fiill  assessments 
for  water  rents,  which  shall  be  subject  to  inspeetion  at  all 
times,  and  may  elect  one  of  their  own  number  to  act  as  secre- 
tary of  said  board,  or  employ  some  other  competent  person 
for  the  purpose,  as  they  ma}'  deem  desirable. 

XIV.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  commissioners  to  make 


tthe  same  manner 
ater  rent  assessed 


report  to  the  common  council  of 
which  report  shall  embrace  a  state 
securities  of  said  corporation,  and  al 
and  from  said  corporation,  together 
of  their  expenditures ;  which  stater 
said  commissioners  under  oath,  and 
by  the  clerk  of  the  said  city,  and  pul^ 
per  in  said  city  of  Chicago. 


XV.     Whenever  the  receipts  of  said  corpor; 
water  rents  or  other  sources,  shall  accumulate  so 


■§emi-aiinua!ly, 

the  funds  and, 

due  and  owing  t 

an  accurate  account 

shall  be  certified  by 

be  entered  of  record 

ihed  in  some  newspa- 

3   TO 


on,    from 
at,^« 


city 

j^V  corp 
!W   the' 


8 

shall  be  a  surplus,  amounting  to  a  sum  of  not  less  than  five 
hundred  dollars,  not  needed  for  the  payinont  of  the  current 
expenses  of  said  corporation,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  com- 
missioners to  invest  the  same  in  some  safe  stocks,  or  upon 
other  real  or  personal  securities,  under  the  direction  and  ap- 
proval of  the  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Cook  county,  or 
some  other  judge  in  said  county  having  chancery  jurisdic- 
tion ;  such  approval  to  be  signified  in  writing  under  the  hand 
of  such  judge.     Sucli  investment  sliall  be  made  in  the  name 
of  said  corporation,  and  in  such  manner  as  to  make  the  same 
available  for  the  payment  of  interest  and  the  principal  of  the 
bonds  issued  as  aforesaid,  as  soon  as  may  be.    It  shall  be  the 
dalyro^aid  commissionei-s  to  pay  the  interest  on  such  bonds 
as  i'lisi  «Bfc^_surplu3  fund  will  permit,  and  also  the  princi- 
pal as  the  Dom3^)LCom8  due,  as  funds  for  such  purpose  shall,* 
from  time  to  tii^^ac cumulate.    The  said  commissioners  may 
when  they  have  f^uds  for  that  purpose,  purchase  the  bonds 
so  issued  as  afore^K,  wliether  the  same  have  become  due  or 
not ;  and  in  caseaHl  ■'^'t^d  commissioners  shall  at  any  time  not 
have  funds  on  hJpT  sufiicient  to  meet  any  of  the  .said  bonds, 
at  the  time  M^hen  tliey  shall  become  due,  they  shall  have  the 
right  to  issue  ncvr  o.mds,  for  such  amount,  and  on  such  time 
as  they  shaU^de.  ;u  expedient,  in  the  pb.ce  of  bonds  so  becom- 
ing due  as  foresaid ;    the  said  old  bonds  to  be  canceled  in 
thereof,  and  the  said  new  bonds  to  be  recorded 
iu  ...w  ...... .iier  hereinbefore  provided. 

XVI.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  commissioners,  at  least 
thirt}'  d^^^ibrcthe  time  fixed  by  the  ordinance  of  said 
city  fOT^seSn^^^fe  taxes,  to  make  a  special  report  to  the 
mon  council  ^^^^city,  what,  if  any  sum,  will  be  needed 
§r  said  commissioj^^fcver  and  above  the  revenue  of  said 
corporation,  to  nieetT|K  payment  of  interest  or  principal  of 
the  bonds  issued  as  aiMfesaid ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
common  council  to  j^e  said  amount  by  a  special  tax  in  the 
same  manner  as  gd»l  taxes,  to  be  designated  a  water  tax ; 
and  the  ?aid  amjl^ shall  be  paid  over  to  the  said  corpora- 
tion by  tbo  <•  .Hector  of  said  city. 

'I'he  salary  of  said  commissioners,  and  also  of  the 

» 


secretary  of  said  board,  sliall  be  fixed  by  the  common  coun- 
cil of  said  city,  from  time  to  time,  as  soon  as  may  be  after 
the  passage  of  this  act,  and  after  each  election  as  herein  pro- 
vided, and  the  amount  of  such  salary  shall  not  be  reduced 
during  the  term  for  ^Yhich  said  commissioners  shall  be  elected. 

XVIII.  Each  commissioner,  before  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office,  shall  give  bond  to  said  city  in  such  sum 
and  T/ith  surety  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  common  council  of 
said  city,  conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his 
duties  as  such  commissioner,  and  that  he  will  faithfully  dis- 
burse and  account  for  all  moneys  coming  under  his  control 
as  such  commissioner,  the  amount  of  which  bond  may  be 
increased  at  any  time  as  the  said  common  council  may  deem 
expedient.  .^^^Kt^^ 

XIX.  Said  commissioners  may  purchase ^tiw^^orp^l^ 
rights  and  real  and  personal  property,  fixw&^  and  stock  of 
every  name  and  description  of  the  Chicago  hj'draulic  com- 
pany, on  such  terms  as  may  be  agreed^Ppon  between  said 
commissioners  and  said  company ;  and  ^Ben  such  purchase 
shall  be  made,  the  said  commissioners  B|l  succeed  to,  and 
become  invested  with,  all  the  powers,  rapts,  privileges  and 
immunities,  exercised  and  enjoyed,  by  the  said  Chicago 
hydraulic  company,  under  their  charter,  and  shall  continue 
to  supply  water  to  the  citizens  of  Chicago  under  th''  same, 
and  collect  the  money  and  rents  due  therefor,  ni'wil  respects 
as  fully  and  effectually  as  the  said  Chicago  hydraulic  com- 
pany can  or  may  do,  until  the  said  commissioners,  acting 
under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  have  com})ieted  their 
arrangements,  machinery,  engines,  pipes,  bujl dings,  and  other 
things  provided  for  in  this  act,  for  ti^ro^cse  of  su]  jiv- 
ing the  said  city  with  pure  and  whole^^Bwater;  af\er  which 
time  the  said  Chicago  hydraulic  ^Km^J  and  their  said 
charter  shall  become  extinct  and  ni^B&Voyicfec/,  ahcaijs,  that 
if  the  said  commissioners  cannot  a^^Evvith  the  said  Chiciigo 
hydraulic  company,  as  to  what  suiMpall  be  paid  the  said 
Chicago  hydraulic  company  for  their  gropert}^,  rights,  and 
privileges,  then  the  said  company  shalk-have  the  right  to 
establish,  by  satisfactory  proof,  the  actual  costs  of  their  said 
property  before  the  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Cook  countyj,^ 

■# 

\       • 


10 

upon  petition  to  liini  in  term  time  or  vacation ;  and  no  greater 
sum  shall  be  paid  for  the  same  than  the  said  judge  shall 
decide  the  actual  cost  to  have  been. 

XX.  This  act  may  at  any  time  be  altered,  repealed,  or 
amended. 

XXL  All  materials  procured  or  partially  procured  under 
a  contract  with  the  commissioners,  shall  be  exempt  from 
execution,  but  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  to 
pay  the  money  due  for  such  materials  to  the  judgment  cred- 
itor of  the  contractor  under  whose  execution  such  material 
might  otherwise  have  been  sold,  upon  his  producing  to  them 
due  proof  that  his  execution  would  have  so  attached,  and 
suQh  payment  shall  be  held  a  valid  payment  on  the  contract. 
^  XXII.  is'o  one  or  more  of  the  said  commissioners  shall 
be  interested 'Bither  directly  or  indirectly  in  any  contract 
entered  into  by  mem  with  any  other  2Derson ;  nor  shall  they 
be  interested  either  directly  or  indirectly  in  the  purchase  of 
any  material  to  be|i«ed  or  applied  in  and  about  the  uses  and 
purposes  contempp||d  by  this  act. 

XXIII.  The  s^  commissioners,  or  either  of  them  ma}' 
be  removed  from  office  by  the  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of 
Cook  county,  upon  petition  presented  to  him  in  term  time 
pr  in  vacatiqi^by  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Chicago, 
if  it  shrill-appear  after liearing,  and  proof  before  said  judge 
flint  the  said  commissioners,  or  either  of  them  have  been 
guilty  of  misfeasance  or  malfeasance  in  office,  or  any  breach 
(jf  duty,  either  of  commission  or  omission,  under  this  act, 
and  if  th^sai^iidge  shall  remove  any  two  or  more  of  said 
i'oin!ni3Sioiie!^T3ll*^ce,  for  any  cause,  before  the  expira- 
tion of  their  term  oiPlficc.  ho  is  hereby  authorized  and  em- 
powered to  appoint  othei.-  in  their  stead,  who  shall  lill  such 
offices  for  and  during  the  unexpired  term  of  such  commis- 
sioners so  removed.         _ 

XXIV.  The  said  commissioners  shall  adopt  such  plan  as 
in  their  opinion  may  1  ic  most  advantageous  for  procuring 
such  supply  of  water,  and  shall  ascertain  as  nearly  as 
may  be,  lyjjat  amount  of  money  may  be  necessary  to  carry 
the  anniomto  effect.     The  said  commissioners  shall  make  a 


11 

report  of  their  proceedings,  containing  a  full  statement  and 
description  of  the  plans  adopted  by  them,  an  estimate  of  the 
expense  thereof,  together  with  an  estimate  of  the  probable 
amount  of  revenue  to  accrue  to  the  city  upon  the  completion 
of  the  work,  with  the  reason  and  calculations  upon  which 
their  opinions  may  be  formed,  and  all  such  other  informa- 
tion, connected  with  the  object  of  their  appointment,  as  they 
may  deem  important. 

XXV.  Such  report  shall  be  made  and  presented  to  the 
common  council  by  the  said  commissioners,  together  with  all 
such  conditional  contracts  as  maj^  have  been  made  by  them 
b}''  virtue  of  this  act,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  January, 
which  will  be  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  lifty-two.  ^.^I^**"^^^ 

XXYI.  The  said  commissioners  are  her^?"  jrathorized  to 
enter  upon  any  land  or  water,  for  the  pifrjpose  of  making 
surveys  and  to  agree  with  the  owner  of  any  property  which 
may  be  required  for  the  purposes  of  this  act,  as  to  the  amount 
of  compensation  to  be  paid  to  such  OA\'iier. 

XXYII.  In  cases  of  disagreement  b^ween  the  commis- 
sioners and  the  owners  of  any  property  which  may  be 
required  for  the  said  purposes,  or  affected  by  any  operation 
connected  therewith,  as  to  the  amount  of  compensation  to  be 
paid  to  such  owner,  or  in  case  any  such  owner  shall  be  an 
infant,  a  married  woman,  or  insane,  or  absent  from  this 
State,  the  judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  Cook  county,  may, 
upon  the  application  of  either  party,  nominate  and  appoint 
three  indifferent  persons,  to  examine  such  property,  and  to 
estimate  the  value  thereof,  or  damage  ajiiSxned  thereby,  and 
to  report  thereon  to  the  said  court  ymjjKmit  delay. 

XXVIII.  AVhenever  such  repcjp  shall  have  been  con- 
firmed by  the  said  circuit  judge  of  Cook  county,  the  said 
commissioners  shall  within  two  mtjnths  thereafter,  pay  to  the 
said  owner  or  to  such  person  or  pe^ons  as  the  court  may 
direct,  the  sum  mentioned  in  said  report,  in  full  compensa- 
tion for  the  property  so  required  or  for  the  damage  sustained, 
as  the  case  may  be,  and  thereupon  the  said  commissioners 
shall  become  seized  in  fee  of  such  property  so  required,  and 


12 

shall  be  discharged  from  all  claim  by  reason  of  any  such 
damage. 

XXIX.  If  any  person  shall  wilfully  do  or  cause  to  be 
done,  any  act  whereby  any  work,  materials  or  property  what- 
soever, enacted  or  used,  within  the  city  of  Chicago  or  else- 
where, by  the  said  commissioners,  or  by  any  person  acting 
under  their  authority,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  or  keep- 
ing a  supply  of  water,  shall  in  any*  manner  be  injured,  or 
shall  wilfully  pollute  the  water,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction,  shall  be  punished  there- 
for as  other  misdemeanors  are  punished. 

'XXX.  All  contracts  for  materials  or  for  the  construction 
of  the  work  shall  be  made  in  writing,  and  of  each  contract 
tj/rG  tjopies  shall  be  taken,  which  shall  be  numbered  and 
endorsed  Avilfifcthe  date  of  the  contract  and  with  the  name  of 
the  coutractors^nd  a  summary  of  the  work  to  be  done  or 
materials  to  be  B^^ished,  one  copj'  of  which  shall  be  retained 
by  the  said  comml^ioners,  and  the  other  copy  of  which  shall 
be  filed  with,  anc^teept  and  preserved  by,  the  clerk  of  the 
common  council  apR)ng  the  files  of  said  office. 

XXXI.  Public  notice  shall  be  given  of  the  time  and  place 
at  which  sealed  .proposals  will  be  received  for  entering  into 
contracts;  all  "sealed  proposals  for  contracts  shall  be  for  a 
sum  certainlis  to  the  price  to  be  paid  or  received,  and  no 
,,jjmQnft8itiou  which  is  not  thus  definite  and  certain,  or  which 
contains  any  alternative  condition,  or  limitation  as  to  price, 
shall  be  received  or  acted  upon. 

•  *  XXXII.  No  more  than  one  proj)Osition  shall  be  received 
from  any^jugMji^n  for  the  same  contract,  and  all  the  pro- 
positions oftTie^[^^n  offering  more  than  one  shall  be 
rejected.  '^^, 

XXXIII.     Every  peikpn  who  shall  enter  into  any  contract 
'^     for  the  supply  of  materiMs  or  the  performance  of  labor,  shall 
give  satisfactory  security  to  the  commissioners  for  the  faith- 
ful performance  of  his  c<  nitract  according  to  its  terms. 

AppiiOVED,  February  15,  1851. 


REPORT. 


To  the  Honorable  the  Magor  and  Common  Council  of  the  City 
of  Chicago:  ..«««fc^- 

The  Water  Commissioners,  appointed  under  *^an  act  t& 
incorporate  the  Chicago  City  Ilydraiilic  Company,  in  com- 
phance  with  the  twenty -fourth  and  twenty-fifth  sections  of 
that  act  report : 

That  they  entered  on  the  duties  of  their  office  on  the  six- 
teenth of  June  last. 

On  the  twenty -sixth  day  of  that  moii|h,  they  employed 
William  J,  Mc Alpine,  an  Engineer  of  distinguished  reputa- 
tion and  experience,  for  the  purpose  of  makiag  surveys  and 
submitting  a  plan  or  plans  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the 
said  act  into  execution.  -■ ^ 

Mr.  Mc  Alpine  was  instructed  to  make  such  examinations 
of  Lake  Michigan  in  this  vicinity,  as  would  enable  him,  t|? 
ascertain  from  what  part  of  the  Lake,  pure  and  wholesome 
water  could  best  be  obtained  for  the  purpose  of  supplying 
the  city.  And  after  he  should  have  rQa|Bsuch  examinations 
as  were  necessarj-,  he  was  to  report  jB^is  Board,  in  detail, 
all  the  jlaas  which,  in  his  opinion,  i^uld  be  best  adrpted  to 
the  object  desired,  and  the  estimates  for  each  plan,  with  the 
probable  revenue  to  be  derived  therefrom. 

In  making  his  plans  and  estimates^'  he  was  instructed  to 
regard  economy  and  permanency,  as  well  as  the  anticijoated 
increase  in  the  population  of  the  city,  estimating,  that  at  the 
expiration  of  fifteen  years,  the  probable  po^julation  would  be 
one  hundred  thousand  souls. 


14 

In  compliance  with  these  instructions,  Mr.  McAlpine  com- 
menced  his  examinations,  and  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  Octo- 
ber last,  reported  four  different  plans,  having  in  view,  the 
present  population  of  the  city,  and  its  ultimate  increase,  each 
complete  in  itself,  adapted  to  the  present  need  of  the  city, 
and  designed  to  be  extended  with  the  wants  of  an  increasing 
population.  Each  of  these  plans  is  accompanied  by  an  esti- 
mate of  cost,  showing  also  the  probable  present  and  future 
revenue  to  be  derived  from  the  work. 

The  report  of  the  Engineer,  as  made  to  this  Board,  is  here- 
with submitted  as  a  part  of  this  report. 

After  having  examined  and  considered  these  several  plans, 
this  Board  has  adopted  the  Third  Plan  referred  to  in  the 
Mr.  McAlpine,  with  such  modifications  thereof,  as 

^y  be  inade  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  present  popu- 
lation, without  %isiguing  to  interfere  with  its  completeness, 
or  so  derange  it  that  it  will  not  be  carried  out,  to  meet  the 
anticipated  increase  of  the  population  of  the  city. 

By  this  plan,  the  water  will  be  taken  from  the  Lake,  north 
of  the  pier,  at  or  nenr  the  termination  of  Chicago  avenue. 
There  will  ultimately  be  required,  in  the  carrying  out  of  this 
plain,  three  reservoirs,  one  of  which  will  be  located  in  each 
division  of  the  cit}-.  The  water  will  be  taken  from  the  Lake 
at  a  distance  of  about  six  hundred  feet  from  the  shore,  and 
conductfMl  by  an  inlet  pipe  to  a  well,  which  will  be  within 
the  (jiigme  house,  to  be  constructed  on  or  near  the  beach. 
From  this  well,  the  water  will  be  forced  into  the  reservoirs, 
to  a  height  eighty-five  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  Lake, 
and  about  sevcaty-fivc  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  general 
level  of  the  city,  by  9,  non-condensing  engine  of  about  one 
l^dred  and  seventy^l^rse  power.  The  pipes  used  will  be 
oriron.     Iron  tanks  win  be  used  for  the  reservoirs. 

The  estimated  cost  of  eonstructing  the  work  upon  this 
plan,  including  the  cost  of  about  forty -eight  lineal  miles  of 
distribution  pipe,  which  it  is  supposed  will  be  adequate  to 
supply  the  inhabitants  of  the  city,  when  its  population  will 
be  one  hundred  thousand  souls,  is  five  hundred  and  seventy 
thousand  dollars.     The  first  expenditure  in  carrjring  out  this 


15 

plan,  which  will  require  about  twenty -four  miles  of  distribut- 
ing pipe,  designed  to  supply  a  population  of  fifty  thousand 
souls,  is  estimated  at  three  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
dollars. 

The  additional  sum  of  two  hundred  and  iifty  thousand 
dollars  required  for  the  completion  of  the  plan,  will  need  to 
be  expended,  if  the  increase  in  population  shall  be  equal  to 
the  anticipations  of  the  Board,  as  follows  : 

In  1853,  ten  thousand  dollars ;  in  185-1,  a  like  sum  ;  in 
1855,  nineteen  thousand  dollars;  in  1856,  twenty  nine  thou- 
sand dollars;  in  1857,  ten  thousand  dollars;  in  1858,  twenty-- 
nine  thousand  dollars;  in  1859,  ten  thousand  dollars;  in 
1860,  seventy-six  thousand  dollars ;  in  the  next  four  succeed- 
ing years,  ten  thousand  dollars  each;  and  in 
teen  thousand  dollars. 

The  plans  of  the  buildings  for  the  engine'house  and  reser- 
voirs, are  neat  and  tasteful,  and  well  adapted  to  the  uses  for 
which  they  are  designed,  combining  ornament  and  strength. 
In  each  of  the  buildings  designed  fn-  the  reservoirs,  there  will 
be  large  and  commodious  rooms,  which  .can  be  appropriated 
to  many  useful  purposes. 

The  Board  is  of  opinion,  that  the  small  additional  expen- 
diture which  will  be  required  in  making  the  buildings  to  be 
used  as  reservoirs,  pleasant  to  the  ej-e,  will  not  be  regretted ; 
buildings  for  this  use,  might  be  objectionable  to  the  neigh- 
borhoods in  which  they  may  be  located,  if  they  should  not 
be  constructed  with  some  regard  to  appearance. 

This  Board  deems  it  unnecessary  to  go  into  a  more  minute 
detail  of  the  plan  than  is  herein  set  iijrth,  inasmuch  as  this 
rejDort  will  be  accompanied  hj  that  of  the  engineer,  which 
states  all  these  matters  specificall}'.  f 

The  revenue  to  be  derived  l)y  the  City,  when  the  work 
shall  be  completed  upon  the  plan  adopted,  is  also  expressed 
in  the  report  of  the  engineer.  These  calculations  are  believed 
to  be  reasonable,  and  indicate  plainly  that  the  Water  Works 
may  ultimately  be  regarded  as  a  fruitful  source  of  revenue. 

It  will  be  observed  by  your  honorable  body,  that  the  plan 
adopted  contemplates  the  expenditure  of  a  larger  amount 


16 

than  this  Board  is  authorized  to  borrow,  for  the  uses  for 
which  it  is  created.  Nevertheless,  this  Board  feels  the  im- 
portance of  having  a  work,  the  objects  of  which  are  so  essen- 
tial to  life,  so  constructed,  that  any  expenditure  made  in  the 
prosecution  of  it,  should  not  be  lost.  Experience  has  shown 
the  fatilitv  of  resorting  to  temporary  means  in  matters  of 
this  magnitude.  The  public  interests  are  always  best  pro- 
moted, by  carrying  out  such  material  project  in  such  manner, 
as  will  secure  darability  and  make  it  complete.  An  addi- 
tional recommendation  of  this  plan,  is  that  it  can  be  extended 
so  as  to  meet  the  increasing  demands  of  an  increasing  popu- 
lation, without  any  material  deviation  from  the  original 
design. 

ITor  the  purpose  of  the  full  completion  of  this  plan,  it  will 
be  necessary  that  an  an  application  should  be  made  to  the 
General  Assemoty,  lor  an  extension  of  authority  to  the 
Board,  to  make  a  loan,  adequate  to  the  expenditure  required. 

Should  this  work  be  prosecuted  upon  the  plan  adopted,  it 
will  be  necessary  to  apply  to  the  City  authorities  for  an 
assessment  to  meet  the  accruing  interest  upon  the  bonds 
issuvid  for  the  purpose  of  a  loan,  during  the  period  which  the 
work  will  be  in  process  of  construction,  and  probably  there 
will  be  a  deficiency  in  revenue  from  water  rents,  to  meet 
interest  and  expenses  for  the  first  two  years,  after  the  intro- 
duction of  water  into  the  City;  after  which  time  it  is  sup- 
posed the  work  will  sustain  itself,  without  any  assistance 
from  assessments. 

The  benefits  which  would  result  to  the  City,  from  an  abun- 
dant supply  of  pure  and  wholesome  water,  like  that  which 
can  be  obtained  from  so  copious  a  fountain  as  Lake  Michi- 
gau,  are  inestimable,  ^o  health  and  pleasure,  a  bountiful 
supply  of  pure  water  is  indispensable.  It  is  a  prevention  of 
disease  which  is  superior  to  the  skill  of  the  physician.  It  is 
'an  enemy  of  contagion  which  successfully  repels  its  approach. 
To"  argue  its  usefulness  to  a  community  like  this,  is  a  work 
•  ot  supererogation. 

"When  the  work  shall  be  put  in  operation,  the  value  of  the 
Vater  introduced,  in  the  extinguishment  of  fires,  to  which 
■ttse  it  will  be  seen  by  the  plan  adopted,  it  is  designed  to  be 


17 

extensively  and  beneficially  applied,  will,  in  a  few  years, 
more  tlian  compensate  the  City  for  the  cost  of  construction. 
Should  a  plan  of  sewerage  be  adopted  by  the  City,  the  water 
will  be  an  active  agent,  in  co-operation,  for  ridding  the  City 
of  the  impurities  which  sewers  are  intended  to  remove. 

It  is  deemed  useless  to  introduce  reasons  why  this  work 
should  be  prosecuted,  since  every  inhabitant  is  already  so 
thoroughly  impressed  with  its  necessity  and  utility.  And 
participating,  as  this  Board  does,  in  the  general  conviction 
that  the  water  is  indispensable,  the  members  of  it  have  not 
hesitated  to  act  in  the  way  which  in  their  opinion  is  best  cal- 
culated to  secure  so  desirable  a  boon,  at  the  earliest  opportu- 
nity. ^      . 

By  the  law  under  which  this  Board  is  constituted,  it  is 
provided,  that  not  only  the  revenue  derived  from  the  works, 
but  the  works  themselves,  as  well  as  the  faith  and  revenues 
of  the  city  shall  be  pledged,  to  secure  the  payment  of  interest, 
and  also  any  principal  sum  which  may  be  borrowed  by  this 
Board  to  construct  the  contemplated  ^vorks.  The  city  is 
obliged,  moreover  by  law,  to  raise  by  taxation  expressly  for 
the  use  of  this  loan,  any  amount  which  may  be  necessary  to 
secure  the  prompt  payment  of  any  deficiency  of  interest  not 
paid  by  water  revenue,  as  well  as  any  debt  Avhich  may  be  cre- 
ated. The  security  ofiered  to  lenders  being  ample,  and  the 
prompt  payment  of  all  dues  being  secured  beyond  any  perad- 
venture,  it  cannot  be  doubted  but  that  the  money,  necessary  . 
to  be  used,  can  be  borrowed  at  a  fair  and  reasonable  rate. 
The  finances  of  the  city  are  now  in  a  prosperous  and  well 
regulated  condition.  The  works  for  introducing  the  water, 
promise  an  ample  revenue.  Under  thig^vorable  condition  of 
affairs,  the  security  offered,  ought  to  iriure  a  loan  at  a  rate  of 
interest,  which  would  not  be  burthensome  to  the  city.  This 
Board,  acting  upon  this  assumption,  will  soon  be  prepared  to 
seek  for  a  loan,  provided  they  can  make  one,  upon  advanta-  . 
geous  terms,  but  it  is  not  believed,  that  it  would  be  advisa* 
ble  to  prosecute  the  work,  upon  a  loan,  bearing  interest,  ex- 
ceeding seven  per  cent,  per  annum.  f 

A  public  invitation  was  extended  to  the  citizens,  to  exam- 


18 

ine  the  plans  of  the  work,  which  have  for  some  time  past 
been  open  for  inspection.  These  plans  have  received  the 
general  approbation  of  all  who  have  inspected  them.  The 
members  of  this  Board  have  no  interests  to  advance,  which 
are  not  -shared  by  all  others.  They  are  but  acting  for  the 
common  good,  and  after  being  fortified  by  the  concurrence 
in  opinion  with  themselves,  of  all  those  whose  opinions  they 
could  learn,  they  are  strengthened  in  the  belief,  that  their 
action  is  approved. 

A  provision  in  the  act  under  which  this  Board  was  organ- 
ized, has  reference  to  the  obtaining,  upon  some  terms,  the 
franchise  and  property  of  the  Chicago  Hydraulic  Company. 
To  this  end  negotiations  have  not  been  commenced,  and  under 
tk^^ffiSftlties  existing,  it  has  not  been  thought  advisable  to 
take  any  steps^  the  premises. 

Having  full  flith,  that  there  is  a  general  wish  that  this 
Board  should  take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  carrying  the 
law  into  effect,  a^  that  the  inhabitants  will  sanction  any 
measure  which  "w^  secure  the  desired  object,  by  an  addi- 
tional authority  to  borrow  the  amount  of  money  needed, 
this  Board  contemplates  carrying  the  Plan  adopted  by  them 
into  execution,  at  tlie  earliest  practicable  period.  But  in  do- 
ing so,  the  Board  does  not  intend  to  involve  itself  in  any 
liability,  exceeding  tbe  amount  of  money  they  are  now 
nntli'  rized  to  borrow. 

No  conditional  or  other  contracts  have  been  made,  except 
those  made  with  Engineers  in  obtaining  the  plans  and  esti- 
mates, making  a  part  of  this  report,  and  the  contracts  made 
to  secure  their  services,  in  case  of  the  prosecution  of  the 
work.  ^ 

All  of  which  is  Ifespectfallj^  submitted. 

JOHN  B.  TURNER,) 
"A.  S.  SHERMAN,       V  Commissioners. 
H.  G.  LOOMIS,  ) 

Chicago,  December,  8,  1851. 


R  E  P  OR  T 


MADE  TO  THE 


Wwltx  €mmmmm  nf  tjie  Citij  nf  Cjiiragii, 


SEPTEMBER  26,  1851, 


ON 


SUPPLYING  THE  CITY  WITH  WATER. 


BY 

WILLIAM   J.   M'ALPINE,       -W 

CIVIL   ENGINEER. 


CHICAGO : 

SEAT  ON  &  PECK,  PRINTERS,  6S  DEARBORN  STREET. 
1851. 


REPORT. 


Albany,  September  26,  1851. 

To  John  B.  Turner,  Horatio  G.  Loomis,  and  Alson  S.  Sheeman,  Esquires, 
Water  Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Chicago : 

Gentlemen : — I  have  the  honor  to  submit,  through  m}"- 
assistant,  E.  W.  Smith,  Esq.,  my  report,  and  estimates  of  the 
cost  of  constructing  the  works  required  for  supplying  the  city 
of  Chicago  with  water. 

Accompanying  this  report,  are  drawings  in  detail,  of  the 
Ciib  Work  proposed  to  be  erected  in  the  Lake  ;  of  the  Con- 
densing Steam  Engine,  and  Plunger  Pumps,  and  their  con- 
nections with  the  Inlet-Pii^es,  Standing  Column,  and  Forcing 
Mains  ;  of  the  Engine  and  Boiler  House  ;  showing  also,  the 
position  of  the  Condensing,  and  Duplicate  Non-condensing 
Steam  Engines,  the  Pump  and  Pipe  connections,  and  the 
Standing  Column  of  the  Well  Chamb#,  and  the  Supply  and 
Suction  Pipes  therein  ;  of  the  several 'Reservoir  Buildings, 
Wrought  Iron  Reservoir  Tanks,  and  connections  therewith 
from  the  Forcing  Mains,  and  to  the  Distribution  Pipes,  de- 
signed for  each  of  the  plans  which  are  estimated  upon  ;  and 
also  a  Map  of  the  City,  showing  the  arrangement  of  the  Dis- 
tribution Pipes,  their  sizes,  connections,  the  position  of  the 
Reservoirs,  and  Stop  Cocks,  on  one  of  the  plans,  viz :  Num* 
ber3. 


Under  your  instructions,  dated  July  14tli,18ol,  I  am  direct- 
,ed  "  to  make  such  examinations  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  the 
"  vicinity  of  the  city,  as  will  enable  me  to  ascertain  from  what 
"  part  of  it,  pure  and  wholesome  water  can  best  be  obtained, 
."  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  city  ;  and  after  such  exami- 
"  nations  have  been  made,  to  report  to  the  Board  in  detail,  all 
"such  plans  as  are  test  adaj)ted  to  the  object  desired,  with  the 
"estimates  for  each  plan."  And  "for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
"tainingthe  purity  and  wholesomeness  of  the  water  from  difr 
"  ferent  localities,"  j'ou  authorized  me  "to  procure  an  analysis 
"  of  the  water,  from  any  qualified  person." 

I  was  also  instructed,  "  in  making  these  examinations, 
"  plans  and  estimates,  to  regard  economy  and  permanency,  as 
"  well  as  the  anticipated  increase  of  the  population  of  the  city, 
"estimatmg  that,  at  the  expiration  of  fifteen  years,  the  proba- 
"  ble  populatioiW'oald  be  one  hundred  thousand  souls." 

On  the  23d  of  J  nly  last,  I  submitted  to  the  Board  a  mem- 
orandum of  the  project,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  Com- 
missioners to  direct  any  alterations,  and  to  furnish  any  fur- 
ther instructions  which  they  desired.  The  verbal  directions 
which  were  received  at  that  time,  have  also  been  complied 
with,  in  preparing  this  report. 

During  my  visit  to  Chicago,  in  company  with  the  Com- 
missioners, find  other  intelligent  citizens,  I  examined  the 
shores  of  the  lake,  for  the  whole  extent  of  the  city  ;  the  sev- 
eral locations  which  had  been  suggested  for  taking  out  the 
water ;  the  districts  of  the  city,  which,  from  their  compact- 
•ness,  first  required  to  be  supplied  ;  and  the  best  sites  for 
the  Reservoirs  and  Buildings,  and  for  crossing  the  branches 
of  the  river  with  the  water  pipes. 

Mr.  Smith  remainkl  at  Chicago  until  the  9th  of  August, 
to  take  the  soundings  in  the  lake,  at  the  several  places  which 
had  been  suggested  for  taking  out  the  water,  and  also,  the 
soundings  in  the  branches  of  the  river  where  the  water  pipes 
were  proposed  to  be  carried.  He  has  also  taken  the  eleva- 
tions of  the  inteTsectious  of  all  the  streets  in  the  compact  part 
of  the  city.  These  soundings  and  levels  will  be  shown  on  a 
Map,  which  Mr.  Smith  will  complete,  after  his  arrival  at 
Chicairo. 


Mr.  Smith  has  also  furnislied  me  with  very  beautiful  de- 
signs for  the  engine  house,  and  the  buildings  for  supporting 
the  reservoirs,  as  well  as  aided  in  the  arrangement  and  covx- 
putations  of  the  other  plans  for  the  work. 

The  surface  of  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago  being 
elevated  but  a  few  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake,  (the  high- 
est ground  within  several  miles,  not  being  twenty  feet  above 
that  level,)  it  is  necessary  to  procure  the  water  from  the  lake, 
and  elevate  it  by  mechanical  means,  into  reservoirs,  from 
which,  it  will  be  conveyed  into  each  of  the  grand  divisions  of 
the  city,  which  are  formed  by  the  river  and  its  branches, 
without  interfering  with  the  navigation  of  the  same. 

The  usual  rules  for  estimating  the  quantity  of  water  which 
will  be  required  for  a  large  city,  for  domestic  uses,  for  man- 
ufactories, for  public  Hydrants,  for  the  extinguishment  of 
fires,  and  for  cleansing  the  sewers,  is  thirty  gallons  for  each 
inhabitant.  The  present  population  is  about  thirty-five  thou- 
sand ;  and  your  instructions  require  that  provision  be  made 
for  one  hundred  thousand  souls,  at  the  expiration  of  the 
next  fifteen  years.  This  will  require  an  average  daily  sup- 
ply of  three  millions  of  gallons.* 

I  was  authorized  by  your  written  instructions,  to  have 
analyses  made  of  the  water  taken  from  the  lake  on  both  sides 
of  the  Harbor  Pier;  but  in  your  subsequent  verbal  instruc- 
tions, these  analyses  were  deemed  unnecessary. 

In  the  memorandum,  which  was  submitted  to  the  Commis- 
sioners, on  the  23d  of  July  last,  it  was  stated  as  follows: 

"  The  water,  for  a  supply  to  a  portion  of  tlie  city,  is  now 
"  taken  from  the  lake,  about  one  thousand  feet  south  of  the 
"  Harbor  Pier. 

"  The  whole  front  of  the  city  bordering  on  the  lake,  from 
"  a  point  half  a  mile  south  of  the  river,  for  about  a  mile  in 
"  extent,  has  been  donated  for  use  as  public  grounds  ;  and  it 
"  is  understood  that  this  land  cannot  be  used  for  erecting 


*NoTE. — Tlie  imperial  gallon  is  the  pleasure  -which  is  used  in  these  calcula- 
tions It  contains  2J7.274  cubic  inolies,  or  ten  pounds  of  pure  water,  at  its 
maximum  density.  The  United  States  standard  gallon  contains  231  cubic 
inches,  or  8.o55  pounds  of  pure  water. 


6 

"  the  works  required.  If  they  should  be  located  south  of  the 
"  pier,  it  would  be  necessary  to  place  them  either  within  half 
"  a  mile  of  the  river,  or  at  a  distance  of  one  and  a  half  miles 
*'  therefrom. 

"  The  popular  opinion,  as  I  have  been  informed,  is  strong- 
''  ly  averse  to  taking  the  water  from  the  lake  south  ox,  and  so 
"  near  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

"  It  is  very  questionable  whether  the  small  quantity  of 
"  Avatcr  which  is  discharged  from  the  river,  would  aftect  the 
''  quality  of  the  water  iu  the  lake,  at  a  point  one  and  a  half 
"  miles  south. 

"  The  examinations  which  have  been  made  by  the  U.  S. 
*'  Engineers,  for  several  years,  in  reference  to  the  harbor 
"  ^rectioflg,  and  also,  the  observations  of  mariners  and  citi- 
"  zens,  indicate  tlial  a  current  generally  exists  in  the  lake, 
"  setting  southwaixl,  along  this  part  of  the  western  shore." 

From  the  consideration  which  I  have  given  to  the  subject,  I 
am  of  the  opinion  Jthat  there  is  no  perceptible  difference  be- 
tween the  quality  of  the  water  in  the  lake,  above  the  pier, 
and  at  the  jDlace  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  the  river,  on 
which  the  estimates  have  been  predicated. 

The  general  plan,  which  is  herein  proposed,  is  to  conduct 
the  water  from  the  lake,  to  a  pump  well ;  to  erect  pumps, 
Avhicli  arc  to  be  driven  by  a  steam  engine,  which  will  force 
tlic  water  through  iron  mains,  into  one  or  more  reservoirs, 
situated  iu  the  central  portions  of  the  city  ;  and  to  distribute 
the  water  through  its  most  compact  parts,  by  means  of  iron 
pipes. 

For  the  location  of  the  pumps  and  reservoirs,  four  plans 
have  been  considered. 

In  the  first  2ylan,  the  engine  and  pumps  are  on  the  shore  of 
the  lake,  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  near  the  corner  of 
Chicago  Avenue  and  Sand  Street,  and  the  water  is  forced 
into  a  reservoir,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  near 
Wells  Street,  from  which  it  is  distributed  to  the  several  divi- 
sions of  the  city. 

In  the  second  plan,  the  engine  and  pumps  are  placed  on  the 
lake  shore,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  near  the  corner  of 
Twelfth  Street  and  Michigan  Avenue,  and  the  water  is  forced 


into  a  reservoir,  placed  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  near 
Wells  Street. 

In  the  third 2)Ittn,  the  engine  and  pumps  are  placed  as  stated 
in  the  first  plan,  and  the  water,  for  the  supply  of  the  northern 
division,  is  forced  into  a  reservoir,  placed  near  the  corner  of 
Clark  and  Ontario  Streets ;  the  water,  for  the  southern  division, 
is  forced  into  a  reservoir,  placed  near  the  corner  of  Clark  and 
Madison  Streets;  and  the  water,  for  the  western  division 
is  forced  into  a  reservoir,  placed  near  the  corner  of  Desplaines 
and  Madison  Streets, 

In  the  fourth  plcm,  the  engine  and  pumps  are  placed  as 
stated  in  the  second  plan,  and  the  water  is  forced  into  reser- 
voirs, placed  in  the  north,  south,  and  west  divisions,  as  stated 
in  the  third  plan. 

Many  of  the  works  in  the  several  plans  are  similar :  where 
they  differ,  the  distinction  will  be  mentioned  under  the  appro- 
priate heads. 

CRIB   WORK  IN   THE   LAKE. 

The  Crib  will  be  placed  beyond  the  second  bar,  about  six 
hundred  feet  from  the  shore,  and  eight  hundred  feet  from 
Sand  Street. 

It  will  be  made  of  heavy  timbers  firmlj^  tied  together,  and 
filled  with  stone.  An  excavation  will  be  made  in  the  bottom 
of  the  lake,  into  which  it  will  be  sunk.  Guide  piles  will  be 
driven  at  the  corners.  The  crib  will  be  surrounded  by  sheet 
piling,  extending  to  a  considerable  depth  below  the  bottom, 
outside  of  which  will  be  jjut  rubble  stone.  The  sides  a'nd 
top  will  be  covered  with  sheathing  jDlank,  and  straps  of  iron, 
to  protect  it  against  drifting  ice, 

A  chamber  will  be  made,  into  which  the  water  will  be 
admitted,  through  an  iron  grating,  from  the  shore  side, 

SUPPLY  PIPE. 

A  wrought  iron  pipe,  of  thirty  inches  diameter,  will  be 
extended  from  the  crib,  to  the  pump  well.  This  pipe  will 
be  placed  in  a  trench,  dug  at  least  three  feet  below  the  bot- 
tom of  the  lake,  and  in  no  place  less  than  five  feet  below  the 
level  of  the  water,  and  covered  with  rubble  stone.     At  the 


8 

pump  well,  the  pipe  will  be  turned  down  to  the  level  of  the 
bottom  of  the  well, 

ENGINE  AND  PUMPS. 

The  general  plan  of  the  Cornish  pumping  engine  has  been 
adopted.  These  engines  have  been  long  in  use,  and  are  gen- 
erally acknowledged  to  be  the  most  successful  and  economi- 
cal application  of  steam  for  pumping  purposes.* 

The  condensing  engine  is,  in  this  case,  adopted,  on  account 
of  its  economy,  for  while  the  duty  of  the  engine  is  constant, 
fuel  is  expensive ;  and  the  supply  of  water  for  the  condensa- 
tion of  the  steam,  is  abundant 

When  steam  is  worked  expansively,  there  is  a  great  advan- 
tage in  making  the  strokes  of  the  pump  simultaneous  with 
the  strokes  of  the  engine,  but  as  the  pumps  cannot  safely  be 
driven  at  the  same  velocity  as  the  engine,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary to  introduce  a  Working  Beam.  One  plunger  pump  is 
placed  on  each  side  of  the  centre  of  the  working  beam,  each 
pump  communicates  with  the  air  vessel,  by  a  connecting 
chamber,  resting  on  the  bed  plate  of  the  engine. 

Each  pump  has  a  suction  pipe  extending  from  the  bottom 
of  the  well,  to  the  connecting  chamber.  The  pumps  and  the 
air  chamber  rest  on,  and  are  bolted  to,  the  top  plate  of  the 
connecting  chamber.  An  additional  suction  pipe  is  extended 
from  the  supply  pipe,  to  the  pump  chambers,  so  as  to  main- 
tain the  supply  of  water,  when  it  becomes  necessary  to  clean 
out  the  pump  well. 

A  standing  column,  eighty  feet  high,  is  erected  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  engine  room,  and  communicates  with  the  air  cham- 
ber. From  this  column  the  water  is  conveyed  to  the  reservoirs 
by  cast  iron  pipes. 


*  An  engine  of  this  description,  designed  by  me,  has  been  in  operation  for  over 
a  year  at  the  U.  S.  Dry  Dock,  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  The  pumps  which  are  driven 
by  it,  are  the  largest  in  America,  and  of  the  same  size  as  those  built  for  drain- 
ing the  Harleain  Sea,  in  Holland,  though  of  much  greater  lift.  It  was  con- 
structed in  the  most  perfect  manner,  by  Mr.  Kemble,  at  the  West  Point  Foundry, 
and  is  believed  to  be  one  of  the  best  pumping  engines  in  the  world.  By  my 
invitatioa,  it  was  examined  by  Mr.  Loomis,  one  of  your  Board,  in  August  last. 


DUTY  OF  THE  ENGINE. 

The  surface  of  the  water  in  the  reservoirs,  when  full, 
requires  an  elevation  of  ninety  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
lake  in  the  first  and  second  plans,  and  eighty  feet,  in  the 
third  and  fourth  plans,  to  give  a  head  of  sixty  feet  on  the 
distribution  pipes,  most  distant  from  the  reservoirs. 

The  power  of  the  engine  must  be  suflicient  to  perform  this 
duty  in  twelve  hours,  so  as  to  avoid  running  the  machinery 
during  the  night,  when  labor  is  not  only  more  expensive  but 
less  reliable,  and  consequently  the  hazard  of  breakage  is 
greater. 

On  the  first  plan,  three  millions  of  gallons  of  water,  weigh- 
ing thirty  millions  of  pounds,  must  be  raised  ninety  feet  high 
in  twelve  hours,  which  is  equal  to  three  and  three-fourths 
millions  of  pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute;  to  th!?, 
one-fifch  must  be  added,  for  the  friction  of  the  pumps  and 
machinery,  making  four  and  one-half  millions  of  pounds. 

The  pumping  main,  from  the  engine  to  the  reservoir,  is 
tAventj'-four  inches  diameter,  and  six  thousand  feet  long;  the 
friction  of  the  water,  in  passing  through  this  pipe,  will  increase 
the  duty  on  the  engine,  to  five  and  one  quarter  millions  of 
pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute. 

The  engine  required  for  this  duty  is  of  the  following  dimen- 
sions. 

A  steam  cylinder  of  forty-six  inches  diameter,  and  nine_^ 
feet  stroki'^,  the  piston  making  thirteen  and  one-third  strokes; 
and  traveling  two  hundred  and  forty  feet  per  minute. 

The  steam,  in  the  boilers,  is  thirty  pounds  pressure  per 
square  inch,  or  twenty  pounds,  at  the  piston,  and  cut  off  at 
one-fourth  the  stroke,  which  gives  a  mean  effective  pressure 
of  twelve  and  fourteen-hundredths  pounds  for  the  whole 
stroke;  and  adding  the  pressure  obtained  by  the  vacuum, 
(nine  and  a  half  pounds)  makes  a  total  pressure  of  twenty -one 
and  sixty -four-hundredths  pounds.  From  which  is  to  be 
deducted,  the  pressure  on  the  piston,  necessary  to  overcome 
the  friction  of  the  engine,  and  of  the  air  pumps,  and  its  gear- 
ing (about  six  pounds,)  which  leaves  a  constant  available 

B 


10 

pressure  on  the  steam  piston  of  fifteen  and  sixty -four-hun- 
dredths  pounds  per  square  inch.  This  pressure  on  the  piston, 
moving  at  the  velocit}^  above  stated,  gives  a  power  of  about 
six  and  one-quarter  millions  of  pounds  raised  one  foot  high 
per  minute. 

The  air  pump  piston  is  thirty -four  inches  diameter  and  has 
three  feet  stroke.  This,  working  against  a  vacuum,  produces 
a  resistance  of  about  seven  hundred  thousand  pounds,  and 
deducted  from  the  power  of  the  engine,  leaves  an  available 
power  of  about  five  and  one-half  millions  of  pounds  raised 
one  foot  high  per  minute. 

This  power  a  little  exceeds  that  which  is  necessary  to  per- 
form the  duty,  before  stated  for  the  first  plan. 

On  the  second  plan,  the  same  quantity  of  water  must  be 
elevated  to  the  same  height,  as  in  the  first  plan,  viz  :  ninety  feet. 

The  pumping  main,  from  the  engine  to  the  reservoir,  is 
twenty-four  inches  diameter,  and  ten  thousand  feet  long;  the 
friction  of  the  water,  passing  through  this  pipe,  will  increase 
the  duty  on  the  engine,  to  about  five  millions  seven  hundred 
thousand  pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute. 

The  engine  required  for  this  duty,  is  of  the  same  dimensions 
as  that  above  described,  for  the  first  plan,  with  a  steam  cylin- 
der, enlarged  to  forty-eight  inches  diameter. 

On  the  third  plan,  the  same  quantity  of  water,  (three  mill- 
ions of  gallons)  must  be  elevated  eighty  feet  high,  in  twelve 
hours,  which  is  equal  to  three  and  one-third  millions  of 
pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute ;  to  this,  one-fifth 
miist  be  added,  for  the  friction  of  the  pumps  and  machinery, 
making  four  millions  of  pounds. 

The  pumping  main,  from  the  engine  to  the  reservoir  in 
the  northern  division,  is  twenty-four  inches  diameter,  and 
three  thousand  feet  long,  from  thence  to  the  reservoir'  in  the 
south  division,  it  is  twenty-four  inches  in  diameter,  and  four 
thousand  three  hundred  feet  long ;  and  from  thence  to  the 
reservoir  in  the  western  division,  it  is  twelve  inches  in  diam- 
eter, and  three  thousand  five  hundred  feet  long. 

About  one-fourth  of  the  whole  quantity  of  water,  must  be 
pumped  into  the  reservoir  in  the  northern  division,  and  a 
like  quantity  into  the  reservoir  iu  the  western  division,  and 


11 

the  remainder  (one-lialf)  into  the  reservoir  in  the  southern 
division. 

The  duty,  on  the  engine,  is  therefore,  increased  to  about 
five  millions  of  pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute. 

The  same  sized  engine  is  required  for  this  duty,  as  for  the 
first  plan,  except  that  the  steam  cylinder  is  forty -four  inches 
in  diameter. 

On  the  fourth  plan,  the  same  quantity  of  water  must  be 
raised  to  the  same  height,  as  in  the  third  2:)lan,  and  allowing 
for  the  friction  of  the  machinery,  gives  a  duty  of  four  millions 
of  pounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per  minute. 

The  pumping  main,  from  the  engine  to  the  reservoir  in  the 
southern  division,  is  twenty-four  inches  diameter,  and  seven 
thousand  feet  long;  from  thence  to  the  reservoir  in  the  west- 
ern division,  it  is  twelve  inches  diameter,  and  three  thousand 
seven  hundred  feet  long;  and  from  the  reservoir  in  the 
southern,  to  the  reservoir  in  the  northern  division,  it  is  twelve 
inches  in  diameter,  and  four  thousand  three  hundred  feet 
long. 

The  dut}'  on  the  engine,  is  therefore  increased  to  about 
five  millions  four  hundred  thousand  pounds,  raised  one  foot 
high  per  minute. 

The  same  sized  engine  is  required  for  this  duty,  as  for  the 
first  plan,  except  that  the  steam  cylinder  is  forty -six  inches 
diameter. 

The  formulas  which  have  been  used,  as  well  as  the  details 
of  the  calculations,  by  which  the  above  results  are  obtained, 
are  given  in  the  Appendix  of  this  Eeport. 

The  arrangements  of  the  several  parts  of  the  engine  and  of 
the  pumps,  are  shown  on  the  plans  herewith  sent. 

The  bed  plate  is  a  massive  casting,  placed  at  the  level  of 
the  floor  of  the  engine  house,  and  supported  by  the  walls  of 
masonr}^  of  the  well  chambers.  The  steam  cylinder,  the  air 
pump  and  condenser,  and  the  crank  shaft  are  supported  by, 
and  bolted  to  the  bed  plate.  The  pump,  air  and  connecting 
chambers,  are  also  supported  by,  and  bolted  to  the  bed  -plaite 
nf  the  engine.  The  air  chamber  is  four  feet  in  diameter  and  is 
extended  to  a  sufiicient  height,  to  receive  the  cross  and  longi- 
tudinal timbers,  which  support  and  brace  the  centres  of  the 


12 

working  beam.  In  addition  to  the  support  of  the  air  cham- 
ber, a  heavy  frame  of  timber  is  extended,  bracing  from  the 
bed  plate  to  the  beam  centres,  in  the  usual  form  of  steam- 
boat engines. 

The  working  beam  is  thirty  feet  long  and  foiir  feet  deep, 
at  the  centre  ;  the  arm,  to  which  the  steain  cylinder  is  attached, 
is  thirteen  feet,  and  at  the  crank  end,  is  seventeen  feet  long, 
between  the  centres. 

The  pump  rods  are  attached  at  eight  feet  and  eight  inches 
from  the  beam  centre,  which  gives  them  a  stroke  of  six  feet, 
and  the  air  pump  rod,  at  four  feet  and  four  inches,  giving  it 
a  stroke  of  three  feet.  The  steam  piston  and  pump  rods  are 
attached  to  cross  heads,  which  work  in  slide  frames. 

The  fly  wheel  is  twenty -four  feet  in  diameter  and  weighs 
twelve  tons.  There  are  two  marine  boilers  of  thirty  feet  in 
length  and  nine  feet  in  diameter. 

PUMPS. 

The  pump!=i  must  throw  three  millions  of  gallons  of  water, 
in  twelve  hours,  which  gives  six  hundred  and  sixty-nine 
cubic  feet  per  minu  e,  and  allowing  one-third  for  leakage  in 
the  pumps,  when  the  valves  become  worn,  gives  eight  hun- 
dred and  ninety -two  cubic  feet  per  minute,  for  their  capacity. 

The  stroke  of  each  plunger  is  six  feet,  and  they  make  the 
same  number  of  strokes,  as  the  steam  piston  (thirteen  and 
one-third  per  minute.) 

The  pump  only  discharges  when  the  plunger  is  descend- 
ino-,  but  as  one  pump  is  placed  on  each  side  of  the  beam  cen- 
tre they  alternate,  and  produce  a  continuous  discharge,  equal 
to  the  area  of  one  plunger,  traveling  at  the  rate  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  feet  per  minute. 

The  plungers  are  thirty-two  inches  in  diameter,  which  gives 
a-  discharge  of  about  eight  hundred  and  ninety -four  cubic 
feet  per  minute. 

The  suction  and  delivery  pipes  are  all  twenty-four  inches 
diameter.  The  suction  pipes  are  extended  to  a  level  ten  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  Lake,  or  twenty  feet  above  the  bottom 
of  the  well,  and  have  two  valves  in  each  pipe;  one  of  which 
is  placed  near  the  bottom  of  the  well,  and  the  other  under 


13 

the  bed  plate  of  the  engine.  There  is  one  valve  in  each  of 
the  delivery  pipes. 

The  standing  column  is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  engine 
room,  and  is  made  of  cast  iron,  as  high  as  the  roof  of  the 
engine  house,  above  which,  it  is  made  of  wrought  iron,  and 
extends  to  an  elevation  of  eighty-eight  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  Lake  or  forty -eight  feet  above  the  roof 

This  part  of  the  column,  is  surrounded  by  a  sheathing  of 
iron,  lined  with  a  non-conductor,  to  protect  the  water  from 
freezing.  A  waste  pipe,  of  six  inches  diameter,  is  placed 
within  the  column;  the  upper  end  of  the  waste  pipe  is  ex- 
panded to  twenty-four  inches  diameter,  and  the  column 
increased  correspondingly,  and  extended  to  a  level  three  feet 
higher  than  the  waste  pipe,  so  as  to  avoid  all  chance  of  the 
water  overflowing  on  the  outside  of  the  column.  The  column 
is  stayed  to  the  chimnej's  and  roof  by  iron  rods. 

DUPLICATE    ENGINE   AND   PUMPS. 

The  reservoirs,  as  hereafter  stated,  arc  arranged  to  contain 
only  sufficient  water  for  use  during  the  night;  it  becomes 
necessary,  therefore,  to  provide  a  duplicate  engine,  to  main- 
tain the  supply,  when  the  main  engine  is  stopped  for  tlie 
purpose  of  cleaning  the  boilers,  or  for  making  repairs.  As 
this  engine  is  only  required  to  be  used  for  short  intervals, 
cheapness  in  its  construction  is  more  to  be  regarded  than 
economy  in  running  it;  it  has,  therefore,  been  made  non- 
condensing,  to  be  worked  with  steam  at  a  high  pressure,  and 
of  the  minimum  size,  requisite  to  furnish  the  necessary  sup- 
ply, by  running  it  the  whole  twenty-four  hours. 

The  duty  of  the  engine  would  be  (say  for  the  second  plan) 
to  raise  thirty  millions  of  pounds,  ninety  feet  high,  in  twenty- 
four  hours;  to  which  must  be  added,  the  friction  of  the 
pumps  and  machinery,  and  the  friction  of  the  water  passing 
through  the  pumping  mains,  making  a  duty  of  about  two 
millions  six  hundred  thousand  pounds,  raised  one  foot  high 
per  minute. 

An  engine  with  a  steam  cylinder  of  eighteen  inches  diam- 
eter,  and  six  feet  stroke,  with  a  piston  traveling  two  hundred 
and  forty  feet  per  minute,  using  steam  at  eighty  pounds  pres- 


14 

sure  per  square  incTi  at  the  cylinder,  and  cut  off  at  one-fourtk 
the  stroke,  will  give  an  available  power,  of  about  two  millions 
six  hundred  thousand  j^ounds,  raised  one  foot  high  per 
minute. 

The  pump  is  double  acting,  and  is  driven  by  a  direct  con* 
nection  with  the  piston  of  the  steam  cylinder,  and  will  con- 
sequently have  the  same  velocity ;  it  is  eighteen  inches  in 
diameter,  which  gives  a  discharge  of  four  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  cubic  feet  per  minute,  which  exceeds  the  quantity 
required  to  be  discharged,  and  allows  about  twenty -five  jDcr 
cent,  for  leakage,  when  the  valves  become  worn. 

The  engine  and  pumjD,  work  horizontally,  on  a  heavy  cast 
iron  frame,  supported  by  masonry.  The  piston  rod  passes 
through  the  end  of  the  steam  cylinder,  opposite  the  pump, 
and  drives  the  fly  wheel  shaft ;  the  fly  wheel  is  twenty  feet 
in  diameter. 

The  boiler  is  cylindrical,  three  and  one-half  feet  in  diame- 
ter, and  thirty  feet  long,  with  return  flues. 

The  suction  pipe  is  brought  from  the  pump  well,  and  the 
delivery  pipe  is  carried  to  the  standing  column,  before  men- 
tioned. 

ENGINE  AND  PUMP  HOUSE. 

The  Engine  House  is  built  of  brick  masonry,  in  the  mod- 
ern Italian  style;  the  main  building  is  forty-four  feet  front, 
and  fifty-four  feet  deep,  with  a  wing  on  each  side,  each  forty- 
four  feet  front,  and  thirty -four  feet  deep. 

The  building  is  carried  up  two  stories  high,  making  an 
elevation  of  thirty  feet  above  the  principal  floor. 

The  foundation  walls  are  of  stone  masonry,  placed  on  piles, 
six  feet  below  the  surfiice  of  the  ground,  and  raised  three 
feet  above,  to  the  level  of  the  principal  floor. 

The  roof  is  composed  of  wrought  iron  trusses,  covered  with 
zinc  plates.  There  are  two  chimneys,  which  are  carried  up 
to  a  height  of  seventy  feet  above  the  principal  floor,  and  fin- 
ished with  ornamental  caps. 


16 


'  RESERVOIKS, 

The  minimum  capacity  of  the  reservoirs,  must  be  sufficient 
to  furnish  the  supply  of  water,  which  is  required  for  the 
twelve  hours  of  the  night,  when  the  pumps  are  not  in  opera- 
tion ;  during  this  period,  the  quantity  of  water  used,  would 
not,  except  in  case  of  fires,  exceed  one-third  of  the  quantity 
estimated  for  the  whole  twenty -four  hours,  or  one  million  of 
gallons. 

A  reservoir  of  eighty -five  feet  diameter  and  thirty  feet 
deep,  will  contain  about  one  million  and  sixty  thousand  gal- 
lons. This  is  the  size  of  the  reservoir  required,  in  the  first 
and  second  plans ;  on  the  third  and  fourth  plans,  there  are 
to  be  reservoirs  in  each  division  of  the  city. 

By  the  enumeration  of  the  buildings,  made  in  July  last, 
by  the  direction  of  the  Water  Commissioners,  it  was  found  that 
the  northern  division  contained  one  thousand  five  hundred 
and  fifty ;  the  western  division  one  thousand  five  hundred 
and  six ;  and  the  south  division  two  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  forty -two,  making  a  total  of  five  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  ninety-eight  buildings. 

The  southern  division  now  contains  nearly  one-half,  and 
the  northern  and  western  divisions,  each  a  little  more  than 
one-fourth  of  the  whole  number  of  buildings. 

The  reservoir,  for  the  southern  division,  is  sixty  feet  in 
diameter,  and  twenty-eight  feet  deep,  and  contains  about  four 
hundred  and  ninety -three  thousand  gallons. 

The  reservoirs,  for  the  northern  and  western  diAdsions,  are 
each  forty -three  feet  diameter,  and  thirty  feet  deep,  and  each 
contains  about  three  hundred  and  seventy-one  thousand  gal- 
lons. 

As  has  been  before  stated,  the  surface  of  the  water  in  the 
reservoirs,  when  full,  on  the  first  and  second  plans,  is  ninety 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake.  The  head  on  the  distribu- 
tion pipes,  distant  from  the  reservoirs,  will  be  reduced  about 
twenty  feet,  when  the  Avateris  being  freely  used,  and  where 
the  streets  are  ten  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake,  the  head 
of  water,  on  the  pipes,  will  be  about  sixty  feet. 


16 

The  surface  of  the  water  in  the  reservoirs,  when  full,  on 
the  tliird  and  fourth  plans,  is  eighty  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  Lake.  The  head,  on  the  distant  pipes,  will  be  reduced 
about  ten  feet,  which  will  give  a  head,  on  the  pipes  of  alout 
sixty  feet,  where  the  streets  are  ten  feet  above  the  Lake. 

The  reservoir  tanks  are  of  boiler  iron,  stiffened  on  the 
sides  by  vertical  ribs  of  cast  iron,  and  resting  on  a  cast  iron 
flooring,  supported  by  cast  iron  arches,  radiating  from  a  cen- 
tre column  of  support,  to  the  exterior  walls  of  the  building. 

The  building,  which  supports  and  encloses  the  tank,  is 
circular,  with  four  projecting  square  fronts,  built  of  cut  stone, 
and  brick,  in  the  same  style  as  the  engine  house. 

The  great  weight  of  the  tank,  and  the  water  therein, 
requies  inverted  arches  of  brick  masonry,  for  the  whole  area 
of  Lhe  base,  for  the  foundation. 

The  buildin:^  is  two  storiis  high;  the  principal  floor  is 
placed  throe  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  street,  the  exterior, 
f(jr  the  first  story  (fifteen  feet  above  the  principal  floor)  is 
made  of  cut  stone,  with  rustic  joints,  surmounted  by  a  cut 
stone  string  course.  The  second  story  is  laced  with  pressed 
brick,  and  rustic  quoins,  of  cut  stone.  The  architraves  of 
the  doors  and  windows  are  of  cut  stone.  The  main  cornice  is 
cast  iron,  projecting  four  feet  from  the  face  of  the  wall,  and 
supported  by  ornamental  cast  iron  consoles. 

This  cornice  forms  a  balcony,  which  is  surrounded  by  an 
ornamental  iron  railing. 

The  tank  is  surrounded  by  an  ornamental  wooden  casing, 
placed  one  foot  distant,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the 
water  from  being  affected  by  the  changes  of  the  atmosphere^ 

The  roof  is  composed  of  wrought  iron  trusses,  covered 
with  zinc  plates,  and  projects  two  feet  beyond  the  casing  of 
the  tank,  and  is  sup[)orted  by  open  work  wrought  iron 
brackets.  There  is  a  circular  terrace  in  the  centre,  surround- 
ed by  an  iron  railing. 

The  centre  of  the  tank  is  supported  b\'  a  hollow  iron  col- 
umn, from  which  the  iron  arches,  supporting  the  floor  of  the 
tank,  radiate. 

The  second  story  is  approached  b}'  a  flight  of  spiral  iron 
steps,  and  from  thence  a  flight  of  stairs  extends  to  the  balcony. 


17 

The  pumping  main  is  extended  through  the  foundation  of 
the  building,  and  ascends  through  the  central  supporting 
column,  to  the  bottom  of  the  tank. 

Two  distribution  pipes  are  brouo-ht  down  fi'om  the  tank  to 
the  foundation,  in  recesses  made  in  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
building.  At  the  level  of  the  foundation,  a  branch  pipe  is 
extended  from  the  pumping  main,  to  one  of  the  vertical  dis- 
tribution pipes,  so  as  to  throw  the  water  directly  into  them, 
when  necessary,  without  passing  through  the  tank. 

PUMPIXG   MAINS   AND   DISTRIBUTION   PIPES. 

The  location  of  the  pumps,  and  the  reservoirs,  and  the 
length,  and  size  of  the  mains,  for  each  of  the  plans,  have 
already  been  stated. 

In  the  third  and  fourth  plans,  the  pumping  mains  are  car- 
ried, by  pipes  of  boiler  iron,  thirty  inches  in  diameter,  under 
the  main  river,  and  twelve  inches  in  diameter,  under  the 
soutli  branch. 

The  bottom  of  the  river  will  be  dredged  out  so  as  to  allow 
these  pipes  to  be  j)laced  three  feet  below  the  present  bed,  in 
the  centre  of  the  stream,  and  curve  gently  to  a  level,  twelve 
feet  below  the  surface  of  the  water,  on  the  line  of  the  wharves ; 
from  thence,  they  will  curve  to  the  line  of  the  cast  iron  mains, 
before  mentioned. 

The  top  of  the  pipes  are  protected  by  heavy  timbers,  secur- 
ed to  them  by  iron  straps,  and  the  whole  covered  with  rub- 
ble stone. 

Stop-cocks  are  placed  in  the  pi]^es  on  each  side  of  the  river, 
and  man-holes  provided  for  entering,  examining,  and  repair- 
•ing  them. 

In  each  of  the  plans,  there  is  an  additional  pumping  main, 
of  twelve  inches  diamster,  extended  from  the  main  on  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  under  the  north  branch,  and  thence, 
to  either  the  main  in  the  western  division,  or  under  the  south 
branch,  to  the  main  in  the  southern  division. 

The  pumping  mains  have  no  communication  with  any  of 
the  distribution  pipes,  except  at  the  reservoirs,  and  should 
not  be  allowed  to  be  used  for  any  other  purpose. 


18 


DISTRIBUTION. 

The  portions  of  the  districts  of  the  citj,  which  have  been 
designated  bj.  the  Commissioners,  as  those  which  require  to 
be  first  supplied,  are  as  follows: 

In  the  northern  division,  between  Ontario  street  and  the 
river,  and  between  Wells  and  Rush  streets,  together  with 
some  other  streets,  beyond  those  limits,  near  the  river :  in 
the  southern  division,  all  of  the  district  north  of  Fifth  street, 
together  with  a  few  of  the  more  important  streets,  south  of 
Fifth  street,  and  one  line  of  pipe,  through  Clark,  to  Twelfth 
street:  in  the  western  division,  all  of  the  district  east  of 
Desplaines,  between  Hubbard  and  Madison  streets ;  and  east 
of  Clinton,  between  Madison  and  First  streets. 

The  arrangement  of  the  pipes  on  the  several  plans  is  as 
follows:     '^•^»k. 

First  Plan. — The  engine  house  is  placed  near  the  corner 
of  Sand  street  and  Chicago  avenue,  the  twenty-four  inch 
pumping  main  is  laid  in  Chicago  avenue,  to  the  corner  of 
Wells  street,  and  continues  down  Wells  street,  to  the  reser- 
voir, near  the  river.  The  additional  twelve  inch  pumping 
main,  branches  out  of  the  twenty -four  inch  main,  at  the  corner 
of  Wells  and  Kinzie  streets,  continues  through  Kinzie,  un- 
der the  north  branch  of  the  river  to  Canal  street,  through 
Canal,  to  Randolph,  through  Randolph,  crossing  the  south 
branch  of  the  river,  and  unites  with  the  distribution  main,  at 
the  corner  of  Wells  street. 

The  distribution,  in  the  northern  division,  is  made  from 
the  reservoir,  as  follows:  A  ten  inch  main  extends  from  the 
reservoir,  through  Kinzie,  to  Wolcott  street,  and  then  tapers 
to  a  six,  and  four  inch  jjipe,  and  terminates  at  Pine  street ; 
another  ten  inch  main  extends  from  the  reservoir,  through 
Wells,  to  Illinois  street,  and  from  thence,  to  Ontario  street 
it  is  eight  inches  in  diameter. 

From  the  corner  of  Kinzie  and  Wolcott  streets,  an  eight 
inch  main  is  laid  through  Wolcott,  to  Indiana  street,  and 
from  thence  to  Ontario  street,  it  is  six  inches  diameter.  A 
six  inch  main  is  laid  in  Clark  street,  from  Ontario  street,  to 
the  river;    another  six  inch  main  is  laid  in  Ontario,    and 


19 

another  in  Illinois  street  from  Wells,  to  Eiish.  street.  Four 
inch  pipes  are  laid  in  all  of  the  remainder  of  the  streets,  in 
this  district,  except  North  Water  street,  in  which  a  three 
inch  pipe  is  laid  from  Market  to  Wolcott  street. 

The  distribution,  in  the  southern  division,  is  as  follows : 
A  twenty -four  inch  main  extends,  from  the  reservoir,  through 
Wells  street  to  the  river,  which  is  crossed  by  a  thirty  inch 
wrought  iron  pipe,  arranged  as  before  mentioned. 

From  the  south  side  of  the  river  an  eighteen  inch  main  is 
laid  in  Wells,  to  Randolph  street;  thence  through  Randolph 
there  is  a  twelve  inch  main  to  Clark  street,  through  Clark, 
there  is  a  ten  inch  main,  to  x\dams  street;  thence  to  Second 
street,  there  is  an  eight  inch  main. 

An  eight  inch  main  is  laid  in  Randolph  street,  from  Clark 
to  State  street,  and  from  thence  to  Michigan  avenue,  it  is  a 
six  inch. 

Six  inch  mains  are  laid  in  State,  from  South  Water  to  First 
street ;  in  Wells  from  Madison  to  First  street ;  in  Lake  from 
Franklin  to  Clark ;  and  in  Madison  and  First  streets  from 
the  River  to  the  Lake. 

Four  inch  pipes  are  laid  in  all  the  remainder  of  the  streets, 
in  this  district,  except  South  Water  and  Market  streets,  in 
which  three  inch  pipes  are  laid. 

The  distribution  in  the  west  division  is  as  follows : 

Eight  inch  mains  are  laid  in  Kinzie  and  Randolph  streets, 
from  Canal  to  Desplaines  street,  and  in  Canal,  from  Randolph 
to  Madison  street. 

Six  inch  mains  are  laid  in  Canal,  from  Madison  to  First; 
in  Jefferson,  from  Hubbard  to  Madison ;  in  Lake,  from  Des- 
plaines to  Canal  street;  in  Madison,  from  Desplaines  to  West 
Water,  and  in  First,  from  Clinton  to  West  Water  street 

Four  inch  pipas  are  laid  in  all  the  other  streets,  in  this  dis- 
trict, except  West  Water  street,  in  which  three  inch  pipes 
are  laid. 

Sf.cond  Plan. — The  Engine  House  is  placed  near  the  cor- 
ner of  Michigan  avenue  and  Twelfth  street.  The  twenty- 
four  inch  pumping  main  is  laid  in  Twelfth  street  to  Clark, 
through  Clark  to  Randolph,  through  Randolph  to  Wells, 
and  throup;h  Wells  street  to  the  reservoir.     The  additional 


20 

twelve  inch  main  is  laid,  as  before  mentioned  in  the  first  plan. 
The  distribution  pipes  are  also  laid  as  in  the  first  plan,  except 
that  the  main  branch  of  the  river  is  crossed  bj  a  twelve, 
instead  of  a  thirty  inch,  wrought  iron  pipe. 

Third  Plan. — The  Engine  House  is  placed  near  the  cor- 
ner of  Sand  street  and  Chicago  avenue.  The  twenty-foar 
inch  main  is  laid  through  Chicago  avenue,  to  Clark,  through 
Clark,  crossing  the  main  river,  to  the  reservoir  in  the  south- 
ern division,  near  the  corner  of  Madison  street.  A  branch 
from  this  main  is  carried  to  the  reservoir  in  the  northern 
division,  near  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Ontario  streets.  A 
twelve  inch  main  also  branches  from  it  at  Madison  street, 
continues  through  that  street,  crossing  the  south  branch  of 
the  river,  to  the  reservoir  in  the  western  division,  near  the 
corner  of  Besplaines  street. 

The  additional  twelve  inch  main  also  branches  from  the 
,  twenty -four  inch  main  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Kinzie 
streets,  extends  through  Kinzie,  crossing  the  north  branch 
of  the  river,  to  Jefferson,  through  Jefferson  to  Madison  street, 
where  it  unites  with  the  twelve  inch  main  leading  to  the 
reservoir. 

The  distribution,  in  the  northern  division,  is  made  from 
the  reservoir,  as  follows: 

A  ten  inch  main  extends  from  Wells  to  "Wolcott  in  Ontario 
street;  fiom  Wolcott  to  Cass  it  is  eight  inches,  and  thence 
to  Rush  six  inches.  Eight  inch  mains  are  laid  in  Wolcott, 
and  Wells  streets,  from  Ontario  to  Illinois  street,  and  from 
thence  to  North  Water  street  they  are  six  inches. 

A  six  inch  main  is  laid  in  Illinois,  from  Wells  to  Rush 
street,  and  another  in  Kinzie,  from  Wells  to  Wolcott  street. 
Four  inch  pipes  are  laid  in  all  the  other  streets,  in  this  dis- 
trict, except  North  water,  in  which  three  inch  pipes  are  laid. 

The  distribution,  in  the  southern  division,  is  made  from 
the  reservoir,  as  follows :  A  ten  inch  main  extends  from  the 
reservoir,  through  Clark  to  Adams  street,  from  thence  it  is 
eight  inches  to  Second  street:  another  ten  inch  main  is  laid 
in  Madison,  from  Wells  to  State  street,  and  tapers  off  to 
the  lake,  and  river,  by  eight  and  six  inch  mains. 


21 

Eight  inch  mains  are  laid  in  State  and  Wells  streets,  from 
Madison  to  Randolph  street,  and  from  tlience  to  the  river, 
they  are  six  inches. 

Six  inch  mains  are  laid  in  Adams  street,  from  Wells  to 
State ;  and  in  First,  from  Market  street  to  Wabash  avenue. 

Four  inch  pipes  are  laid,  in  all  of  the  other  streets  in  this 
district,  except  Market  and  Water  streets,  in  which  three 
inch  pipes  are  laid. 

The  distribution,  in  the  western  division,  is  made  from  the 
reservoir,  as  follows :  An  eight  inch  main  is  laid  in  Madison 
street,  from  the  reservoir  to  Clinton  street,  and  from  thence 
to  the  river,  a  six  inch  main.  Another  eight  inch  main  is 
laid  in  Desplaines  street,  from  the  reservoir  to  Lake  street, 
and  from  thence  a  six  inch  main  is  continued  to  Hubbard 
street. 

Six  inch  mains  are  laid  in  Clinton  from  Hubbard,  to  First 
street,  and  in  Lake,  from  Desplaines  street  to  the  river. 

Four  inch  pipes  are  laid,  in  all  of  the  other  streets  in  this 
district,  except  Water,  in  which  three  inch  pipes  are  laid. 

Fourth  Plan. — The  engine  house  is  placed  near  the  corner 
of  Twelfth  street  and  Michigan  avenue.  The  twenty  four 
inch  main  is  laid  through  Twelfth  to  Clark,  and  through 
Clark,  to  the  reservoir  near  Madison  street.  The  twelve 
inch  main  extends  through  Clark  street,  from  Madison,  cross- 
ing the  main  river,  to  the  reservoir,  in  the  northern  division, 
near  the  corner  of  Ontario  street.  Another  twelve  inch  main 
is  laid  in  Madison  strest,  from  the  corner  of  Clark,  crossing 
the  south  branch  of  the  river,  to  the  reservoir  in  the  western 
division,  near  the  corner  of  Desplaines  street;  and  the  addi- 
tional twelve  inch  main  is  laid,  crossing  the  north  branch  of 
the  river,  as  in  the  third  plan. 

The  distribution  is  made  by  the  same  pipes,  which  have 
been  described  in  the  third  plan. 

STOP-COCKS   AND   HYDRANTS. 

The  northern  division  is  sub-divided  into  four  districts,  by 
lines  of  stop-cocks,  in  Ontario,  Illinois,  and  Wolcott  streets, 
by  mea  is  of  which,  the  water  may  be  shut  off,  from  either 
one  of  these  districts,  without  interrupting  the  supply  to  the 
other  districts. 


22 

The  southern  division  is  sub-divided  into  five  districts,  by 
lines  Of  stop-cocks  in  Madison,  First,  and  Clark  streets. 

The  western  division  is  sub-divided  into  three  districts,  by 
lines  of  stop-cocks  in  Lake  and  Madison  streets.  Stop-cocks 
are  also  placed  at  the  engine  house,  so  as  to  shut  off  the  water 
from  the  whole  city,  and  at  each  end  of  the  pumping  mains, 
where  they  cross  the  river  and  its  branches. 

At  each  of  the  reservoirs,  stop-cocks  are  inserted  in  the 
pumping  mains,  and  the  distribution  j^ipes,  to  shut  off  the 
water  from  each  division  of  the  city.  The  hydrants  are  pla- 
ced at  the  intersections  of  the  principal  streets. 

The  plans  upon  which  these  estimates  are  predicated,  are 
arranged  (except  in  the  extension  of  the  distribution  pipes) 
for  a  population  of  one  hundred  thousand,  as  was  directed  in 
your  written  instructions. 

When  the  city  has  reached  this  limit,  twice  the  supply 
herein  contemplated,  may  be  obtained,  with  a  moderate  in- 
crease in  tlie  cost;  by  constructing  one  additional  condensing 
engine,  and  pumps,  doubling  the  number  of  the  reservoirs, 
and  extending  the  distribution  pipes. 

As  has  been  before  stated,  the  population  of  the  city  is 
now  about  thirty -five  tliousand ;  it  would  probably,  therefore, 
be  deemed  inexpedient,  by  the  Commissioners,  to  expend  so 
large  a  sum,  at  this  time,  as  is  necessary  to  carry  out  the 
whole  of  either  of  the  foregoing  plans. 

It  is  therefore  suggested,  that  such  modifications  be  made, 
as  will  limit  the  present  suppl}'-,  to  the  requirements  of  a 
population  of  fifty  thousand ;  this  can  be  done,  without  ad- 
ding to  the  whole  cost  of  the  work,  when  at  a  future  day,  it 
shall  be  completed,  upon  cither  of  the  plans  above  set  forth. 

These  modifications,  in  the  third  plan,  arc  as  follows: 
Omit  one  of  the  boilers  of  the  condensing  engine;  one  set  of 
the  suction  pijDcs  to  the  main  pumps,  the  duplicate  engine, 
and  pumps;  one  wing  of  the  engine  house,  the  reservoirs  ia 
the  north  and  west  divisions,  and  the  duplicate  pumping  main 
across  the  north  branch  of  the  river. 

Substitute  a  sixteen,  and  twelve,  for  the  twenty-four  inch 
pumping  main,  and  a  wooden,  for  an  iron  pipe  in  the  lake, 
and  make  some  slight  changes  in  other  parts  of  the  work. 


23 

As  the  condensing  engine,  will  be  required  to  perform  only 
one-half  of  the  duty,  of  which  it  is  capable,  it  requires  but 
one  half  of  the  boiler  capacity,  and  the  cost  of  one  of  the  boil- 
ers may  be  avoided,  until  more  power  is  required  in  the  en- 
gine. The  erection  of  the  second  wing  of  the  engine  house, 
may  be  also  postponed. 

The  pump  well  is  made  in  two  divisions,  so  that  either 
pump  may  be  run  separately. 

This  will  allow  either  well  to  be  cleaned  out,  by  stopping 
one  of  the  pumps,  or  they  may  be  cleaned  out  during  the 
night.  This  arrangement  avoids  the  necessity  of  immediately 
constructing  the  duplicate  suction  pipes,  provided  in  the  fore- 
going plans. 

The  omission  of  the  duplicate  engine  and  jDumps,  will  be 
attended  with  some  embarrassment,  in  the  event  of  the  break- 
age of  any  part  of  the  machinery,  of  the  condensing  engine 
and  pumps,  and  by  the  necessary  interruptions,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  cleaning  the  boilers.  It  will,  therefore,  probably  be 
found  expedient,  to  erect  the  duplicate  engine,  at  an  early 
day  after  the  other  works  are  completed. 

The  reservoir,  which  has  been  arrarjged  on  the  third  plan, 
for  the  southern  division,  is  of  sufficient  size  to  furnish  the 
supply,  for  fifty  thousand  persons,  in  the  whole  city  ;  the  oth- 
ers, therefore,  may  be  dispensed  with,  until  the  increase  of 
the  population  requires  their  erection. 

The  pumping  main,  from  the  engine  to  the  corner  of  On- 
tario and  Clark  streets,  on  this  modified  plan,  is  made  six- 
teen inches  in  diameter,  and  from  thence,  to  the  reservoir 
near  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Madison  streets,  it  is  made 
twelve  inches. 

The  power  of  the  engine  is  sufficient,  to  furnish  the  requi- 
site supply  of  water,  through  these  mains,  for  a  population 
of  seventy  thousand,  by  working  it  a  greater  number  of  hours 
per  day.  When  the  population  reaches  this  limit,  it  will  be- 
come necessary  to  substitute  larger  pumping  mains,  and  those 
already  laid,  may  be  used  for  distribution,  or  they  may  be 
taken  up,  and  used  for  the  additional  main,  leading  through 
the  western  division.  The  cost  of  all  the  works  with  these 
modifications  will  amount  to  $318,22-i  59. 


24 

If  the  engine  and  pumps  should  be  placed  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river,  as  in  the  second  and  fourth  plans,  the  pump- 
infj  main  will  be  made  sixteen  inches  in  diameter,  from  the 

O  ' 

engine  to  th3  reservoir  in  the  southern  division,  apd  the 
other  works  will  be  constructed  according  to  the  modifica- 
tions above  mentioned.  The  whole  cost  of  the  work  on  this 
plan,  will  amount  to  $335,439  59. 

The  cost  of  the  work,  on  the  third  plan,  as  above  modified, 
may  be  reduced,  by  placing  the  engine  and  pumps  at  the 
foot  of  Ontario  street. 

If  either  of  the  above  plans  should  be  adopted  by  the 
Board,  the  works  may  be  commenced  inrmiediately. 

Considerable  progress  has  been  made,  in  preparing  the 
specifications,  for  the  different  kinds  of  work,  and  it  may  all 
be  put  under  contract,  at  as  early  a  period  as  the  Board  may 
direct. 

The  great  amount  of  machinery,  castings,  and  wrought 
iron  work  required,  renders  it  necessarj'',  that  this  should  be 
the  first  work  commenced.  Arrangements  should  also  be 
made,  for  the  delivery  of  the  materials  for  the  engine  house 
and  reservoir. 

If  the  work  should  be  commenced  this  fall,  it  can  be  com- 
pleted by  the  first  of  September,  1852. 

EEVENUE. 

The  population  of  the  city,  at  the  termination  of  the  pres- 
ent year,  will  probably  be  about  thirtj-'six  thousand,  and  in 
the  year  1865,  it  is  estimated  that  it  will  be  one  hundred 
thousand.  As  a  rule,  sufficiently  accurate  for  a  general 
expression,  the  annual  water  rate  is  equal  to  one  dollar  tor 
each  inhabitant. 

A  statement  has  been  prepared,  which  is  given  in  the 
Appendix,  which  shows  the  number  of  water  tenants  embra- 
ced in  the  districts  where  the  pipes  are  at  first  proposed  to 
be  laid  down.  These  are  carried  out,  in  the  statement,  at 
annual  rates,  somewhat  lower  than  those  charged  in  New 
York,  and  they  amount  to  the  sum  of  $37,366. 

The  water  rates  for  the  year  1853,  may  therefore,  be  safely 
taken,  at  thirty -three  thousand  dollars,  and  for  the  year  1865, 


25 

is  estimated  to  amount  to  eighty  thousand  dollars,  and  for 
the  year  1875,  (when  the  population,  at  the  same  rate  of 
increase,  would  amount  to  one  hundred  and  sixty -two  thou- 
sand,) the  water  rates  would  be  one  hundred  and  thirty  thou- 
sand dollars. 

The  cost  of  the  completed  works,  in  1852,  if  upon  a  modi- 
fied plan,  may  be  taken  at  three  hundred  and  twenty  thou- 
sand dollars. 

The  district,  over  which  the  distribution  pipes  will  at  first 
be  laid,  is  about  seven  hundred  acres;  when  the  population 
reaches  one  hundred  thousand,  two-thirds  of  it  will  be  em- 
braced in  this  area,  and  the  remainder  will  occupy  districts 
beyond,  equal  to  an  area  of  like  extent,  over  which  it  will 
be  necessary  to  extend  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  thou- 
sand feet  of  pipes.  These  pipes  will  be  of  less  size  than  those 
first  laid  down,  and  will  not  cost,  including  the  necessary 
hydrants,  and  stop-cocks,  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand  dollars. 

This  sum,  distributed  equally  during  the  years  1853  to 
1865  inclusive,  makes  an  annual  expenditure  of  ten  thousand 
dollars. 

In  the  year  1855,  it  will  be  necessary  to  erect  the  duplicate 
engine  and  pumps,  which  will  cost  nine  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  year  1856,  it  will  be  necessary  to  erect  the  reservoir 
in  the  western  division,  and  in  1858,  the  one  in  the  northern 
division,  each  of  which  will  cost  nineteen  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  year  1860,  it  will  be  necessary  to  add  another  boiler 
to  the  condensing  engine;  the  additional  suction  pipes  to  the 
pumps;  to  lay  down  an  iron  inlet  pipe;  and  a  twenty -four 
inch  pumping  main,  as  proposed  in  the  original  plans  of  the 
works ;  all  of  which  will  cost  sixty -six  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  year  1865,  it  will  be  necessary  to  raise  the  reservoir 
tanks,  in  the  northern  and  western  divisions,  which  will 
cost  seven  thousand  dollars. 

These  various  sums,  added  to  the  cost  of  the  works,  in 
the  years  in  which  they  severally  accrue,  will  show  the  whole 
cost,  at  the  termination  of  the  several  years  above  named. 

From  the  year  1865  to  1875,  the  expenditure  for  extend- 


26 

ing  the  works,  may  be  taken  ut  an  annual  cost  of  twenty 
thosand  dollars. 

The  cost  of  running  the  engine,  the  superintendence  and 
repairs  of  the  Avorks,  are  given  in  the  Appendix,  and  amount 
to  ten  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  for  the  year  1853,  and 
will  be  increased  to  eighteen  thousand  dollars  for  the  year 
1865,  and  to  twenty -five  thousand  dollars  for  the  year  1875. 

A  table  has  been  prepared,  and  is  given  in  the  Appendix, 
which  shows  the  estimated  population;  the  annual  water 
rates;  the  annual  expenditure,  f  >r  the  extension  of  the  works; 
the  outstanding  debt;  the  surplus  of  the  revenue  of  the  pre- 
ceding year  over  the  expenses  and  interest  applicable  to  the 
payment  of  the  debt;  the  total  outstanding  debt  of  the  year; 
the  interest  on  that  debt  at  seven  per  cent. ;  the  annual  cost 
of  superintendence,  repairs,  and  of  running  the  engine;  the 
total  amount  of  annual  interest  and  expenses ;  and  the  net 
annual  revenue,  after  deducting  the  expenses,  and  the  inter- 
est on  the  unpaid  debt,  for  each  year  from  1852,  to  1875 
inclusive. 

While  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  an  abundant  supply 
of  pure  and  wholesome  water  is  admitted  by  all,  its  salutary 
influence,  on  the  health  of  the  community,  has  also  been 
demonstrated. 

The  statistics  which  have  been  collected,  with  great  care, 
in  Great  Britain,  show  in  the  most  conclusive  manner,  that 
epidemics  and  other  diseases,  rage  with  greatly  increased 
violence,  in  the  ill  watered  and  badlj-  drained  portions  of  the 
cities  and  towns  of  that  country.  And  they  also  show,  that 
the  introduction  of  an  abundant  supply  of  good  water 
increases  the  health  of  the  inhabitants,  to  an  extent  almost 
beyond  credibility. 

One  of  the  Enghsh  writers  upon  this  subject,  (Mr.  Chad- 
wick)  estimated  that  the  excess  of  the  loss  of  life,  in  the  popu- 
lous districts  of  Preston,  amounts  to  nearly  twenty  years  for 
each  individual,  and  to  nearly  nine  years  for  each  ailult, 
caused  solely  by  the  effect  of  the  want  of  good  water,  and 
sufficient  drainage. 

The  pecuniary  loss  to  society,  from  these  causes,  is  also 


27 

worthy  of  consideration.  In  the  ordinary  condition  of  our 
American  cities,  the  loss  of  the  value  of  labor,  resulting  from 
such  causes,  would  pay  the  interest  on  the  cost  of  construct- 
ing Water  Works  and  Sewers  in  every  town. 

Scarcely  one  of  our  cities,  has  escaped  from  large  conflag- 
rations, which  have  destroyed  property,  exceeding  in  value 
the  cost  of  procuring  an  ample  supply  of  water,  not  only  for 
domestic  uses,  but  also  sufficient  to  have  extinguished  the 
•  fires,  if  it  could  have  been  applied,  wheu  they  first  broke 
out. 

I  have  been  informed,  from  reliable  sources,  that  in  those 
cities,  which  aro  well  supplied  with  water,  an  immense  num- 
ber of  accidental  fires  are  extinguished,  by  the  occupants  of 
dwellings,  of  which  no  account  reaches  the  public  ear,  which 
would,  without  such  a  supply,  probably  have  caused  as  much 
destruction,  as  the  cost  of  the  Water  ^V^orks  themselves. 

No  expenditure  of  money  can  therefore  be  made,  which 
will  administer,  in  so  great  a  degree,  to  the  wealth,  health, 
comfort,  luxury,  and  I  may  even  add,  the  public  moralit}^  of 
all  classes  of  society,  as  in  the  construction  of  works,  for  "  an 
abundant  supply  of  pure,  and  wholesome  water."' 

Respectfully,  your  Obt.  Servant, 

WM.  J.  McALPINE. 


APPENDIX. 


ESTIMATE 

OF   THE   COST  OF   CONSTRUCTING  THE   WORKS  ON  THE 
FIRST  PLAN. 

Crib  Work  in  the  Lake. 
1,632  square  feet  face  of  crib,  at  30c  $489.60 
18,741  feet  bd.  measure  sheet 

piling  and  plank,            $20  374.82 

96  slieet  piles  driving,                  1  96.00 

10  guide  piles,  and  do.                 3  30.00 
3,024  lbs.  iron  bolts,  spikes  and 

straps,                                7c  211.68 
433^  cubic  yards  stone  filling 

and  outside,                     1.50  650.00 

350  lbs.  iron  grating,                     7c  24.50 

Expenses  of  sinking,  200.00 


Inlet  Pipe. 
1,000  cubic  yards  dredging,  25c    250.00 
1,000     "         "       excavation,  15c     150.00- 
71,000  lbs.  \Yrouglit  iron,  8c  5,680.130 
500  cubic  yds.  stone  covering,  1.50     750.00 
Labor  in  launching,  mov- 
ing and  sinking  pipes.  150.00 


$2,076.60 


$6,980.00 


Amount  carried  forward,  $9,056.60 


30 

Amount  brougbt  forward,  $9,056.60 

Well  Chamber. 

3,000  cubic  yards  excavation,  20c  600.00 
20,000  feet  board  measure  timber 

in  crib  $20  400.00 

200  cubic  yards  puddling,  40c  80.00 

Pamping  and  Bailing,  1,000.00 

200  Piles,                                     $2  400.00 

600  cubic  feet  timber  20c  120.00 

6,000  feet  board  measure  plank,  $20  100.00 

600  cubic  yards  masonry,            $5  3,000.00 

2,000  cubic  yards  embankment,  10c  200.00 

100  cubic  yards  concrete,             $7  700.00 


6,600.00 


Pumps,  Suction  Pipes  and  Standing  Column. 

84,000  lbs.  cast  iron,  5c  4,200.00 

11,000    "    wrought  iron  8c      880,00 

3,300    "  "  "    bolts      10c      330.00 

43,000  sq.  in.  planing,  filing,  &c.     3c  1,290.00 

4  square  valves,  2 Xli  ft.      $75       300.00 

4  round  valves,  2  ft.  diam'r,  $150      600.00 

2  stop  cocks,  2  ft.  diameter,  $350      700.00 


8,300.00 


Condensing  Engine. 

Steam  Cylinder  of  46  inches  diameter  & 
9  feet  stroke,  bed  plate,  working  beam, 
fly  wheel,  air  pump,  &c.,  and  two  ma- 
rine boilers,  shell  9  feet  diameter  and 
thirty  feet  long,  23,000.00 

Non-condensing  duplicate  engine, 

pumps,  and  connecting  pipes,  10,000.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  •    $56,956.60 


81 

Amount  brought  forward,  $56,956.60 

Engine   House. 

500  cubic  yards  excavation,      12c       60.00 

216  piles,  and  driving,  $2      432.00 

8,90-1  feet  board  m.  timber,  820      178.08 

212  lbs.  iron,  7c        14.84 

40,000  ft.  bd.  m.  timber  in  floor,    $35  1,400.00 

367  cubic  yds.  stone  masonry,     $5  1,835.00 

48     "         "     cut  stone  $21  1,008.00 

76,440  pressed  brick,  $17  1,299.48 

483,108  common  brick,  $7.50  3,623  31 

Windows,    $300 ;     doors, 

$100;  painting,   $150; 

stone  steps,  $80.  630.00 

28,171  lbs.  wrought  iron,  7c  1,971.97 

7,710     "        cast       "  31c     2G9.85 

6,996  square  feet  zinc  13c     909.48 

840  feet  iron  cornice  $4  1,360.00 

14,992.01 


Pumping  Mains. 

1,260  tons  of  pipe,  $50  63,000.00 

6,000  lineal  ft.  laying  24  in.  pipe,  $1    6,000.00 
5,500      "      "      "      12  "     "    50c   2,750.00 


71,750.00 


Pipes  across  the  Main ^  North  and  South 

Brandies  of  the  River. 

6,000  cubic  yds.  of  dredging,       25c    1,500.00 

50,000  lbs.  wrought  iron  pipe  8c   4,000.00 

4,500     "  bolts  and  straps,  8c      360.00 

1,500  cubic  feet  of  timber,  30c      450.00 

2  cocks,  24  in.  diameter,     $350       700.00 

4      "      12  "        "  $75      300.00 

2  man  holes  and  wells  300.00 

Placing  pipes,  guide  piles,  &c.        550.00 

350  cubic  yds.  stone  filling    $1.50       525.00 


8,685.00 
Amount  carried  forward,  $152,388.61 


32 

Amount  brouglit  forward,  $152,383.61 

Standing  and  other  Pipes,    Cocks,  c&c, 
at  the  Reservoir. 

50  tons  of  pipe,                        $50  2,500.00 

1,500  lbs.  wrought  iron,  in  bolts  10c  150.00 

5,000  square  inches  planing,          3c  150.00 

8  cocks,  24  in.  diameter,      $350  2,800.00 

3      "      12  "      "                $75  225.00 

1  D  valve,  24' in."  50.00 


Reservoir  Building. 
19,152  cubic  feet  rubble  masonry  12c    2,298.24 
9,018       "       "         "     "incem'tlSi    1,668.33 


5,875.00 


2,920       "       "  cut  stone. 

80c 

2,336.00 

671,332  common  brick  laid, 

$7.50 

5,034.99 

326,942         "           "  in  cement, 

$11 

3,596.36 

52,542  pressed  brick. 

$17 

893.21 

5,026  square  feet  flagging, 

10c 

502.60 

272  feet  lineal  string  course. 

$4 

1,088.00 

Porch, 

300.00 

88  feet  lineal  stone  sills. 

45c 

39.60 

522  ft.  1.  window  architraves 

5,        $1 

522.00 

32  Corbel]  s, 

$1 

32.00 

1,255  square  yds.  plastering, 

25c 

313.75 

25,130  ft.  bd.  m.  floor  beams. 

$20 

502.60              ' 

6,282  ft.  bd.  measure  boards, 

$30 

188.46 

5,026  "     " 

$30 

150.78 

Painting, 

200.00 

Sashes  and  windows, 

300.00 

Doors, 

50.00 

Stairs, 

400,00 

320  ft.  lineal  of  iron  cornice 

with  brackets, 

$5.60 

1,792.00 

1,383  cubic  yds.  excavation, 

121c 

172.88 

405  feet  iron  railing, 

$3 

1,215.00 

280     "      "  cornice. 

$1.50 
> 

420.00 

Of  0 1 fi  ftn 

iiTt, V  iU.OU 

Amount  carried  forward 

$182,275.41 

S3 

Amount  brought  forward,  $182,275.41 

Reservoir  Tank. 

155,853  lbs.  boiler  iron,                   8c  12,468.24 

55,631     "  wrought  iron,                7c  3,894.17 

383,176     "  cast  iron,                     3ic  13,411.16 

10,185  square  feet  of  zinc,            13c  1,324.05 

16,400  ft.  bd.  in.  wooden  casing,    6c  984.00 

Gutters,  50.00 

1,100  cubic  yds.  gravel  filling,  25c  275.00 


32,406.62 


Distribution  Pipes,  Stojy-cocJcs  and  HijdrantSi 

2,150  tons  of  pipe,                      $50107,500.00 
24  miles  trenching,           $1,900  45,600.00 
150  hydrants  and  boxing,       $25  3,750.00 
32  cocks,  4  in.  diameter,        $30  960.00 
16      "      8  "        "               $50  800.00 
4      "     12  "        "               $75  300.00 
2  hydraulic  presses  and  fix- 
tures,                          $500  1,000.00 
Labor  proving  pipes,  3,000.00 
2,200  tons  carted,                       oOc  1,100.00 


164,010.00 


Lands  for  Engine  House  and  Reservoir,     10,000.00 


388,692.03 


For  Contingencies  and  Superintendence, 

add  10  per  cent,  on  the  above  amount.     38,860.20 


Total  cost  of  First  Plan,  $427,561.23 

E 


8-4 


ESTIMATE 

OF  THE   COST  OF  CONSTRUCTING  THE   WORKS  ON  THE 
SECOND   PLAN. 

Crib  Work  in  the  Lake. 
Crib  work  in  the  Lake  the  same  as  in 

the  First  Plan.  $2,076.60 

Inlet  Pipe. 

1,000  cubic  yards  dredging,     at  25c  250.00 

1,000  cubic  yards  excavation,      15c  150.00 

43,000  lbs.  wrought  iron,                 8c  8,410.00 

500  c.  yds.  stone  covering,     $1,50  750.00 

Labor  in  launching,   moving 

and  sinking  pipes,  150.00 


Well  Cham 

4,000  cubic  yards  excavation, 
20,000  ft.  b.  m.  timber  crib, 

200  cubic  yds.  puddling. 
Pumping  and  bailing, 

200  piles 

600  cubic  feet  of  timber, 
5,000  feet  b.  meas.  plank, 

700  cubic  yards  masonry, 
2,000  cubic  yards  embankment, 

100  cubic  yards  concrete, 


her. 
20c 

800.00 

S20 

400.00 

40c 

80.00 

1,000.00 

$2 

400.00 

20c 

120.00 

$20 

100.00 

$5 

8,500.00 

10c 

200.00 

$7 

700.00 

4,740.00 


7,300.00 


Condensing  Engine. 

Condensing  Engine,  the  same  as  the  first 
plan,  except  that  the  Steam  Cylinder 
is  48  inches  in  diameter,  25,000.00 

Non-condensing  duplicate  engine,  pumps 
and  connecting  pipes,  the  same  as  the 
first  plan.  10.000.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  $49,116.60 


35 

Amount  brouglit  forward,  $49,116.60 

Pumping  Mains. 

1,900  tons  of  pipe,  $50  95,000.00 

10,000  lineal  ft.  laying  24  in.  pipe,  $1 10,000.00 

5,500      "      "      "      12  "     "    50c   2,750.00 


107,750.00 


Pipes  across  the  Main^  South  and  North 
Brandies  of  the  River^  3  crossings, 
12  inch  pipe. 

6,000  cubic  yds.  of  dredging,       25c    1,500.00 

42,000  lbs.  wrought  iron,  8c    3,860.00 

3,000     "bolts,  8c      240.00 

6  cocks,  12  in.  diameter,       $75      450.00 

Man  boles,  covering  and  stone 

filling,  same  as  first  plan.       1,375.00 


6,925.00 


Standing  and  other  Pipes^    Cocks,  &c., 

at  the  Reservoir. 

60  tons  of  pipe,                        $50  2,500.00 

1,500  lbs.  wrought  iron,                 10c  150.00 

5,000  square  inches  planing,           3c  150.00 

8  cocks,  24  in.  diameter,      $350  2,800.00 

3       "      12  "       "                $75  225.00 

1  D  valve,  24  in."  50.00 


6,875.00 


Reservoir  Building. 
Eeservoir  building,  the  same  as  the  first 

plan,  24,016.80 

The  tank  for  do.,  same,  32,406.62 

Distribution  pipes,  stop  cocks  and  Hy- 
drants, the  same  as  first  plan.  164,010.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  $390,100.02 


36 
Amount  brought  forward,  $390,100.02 

Pumps,  Suction  Pipes,  and  Standing  Column. 

86,000  lbs.  cast  iron,                         5c  4,300.00 

8,000    "    wrought  iron                  8c  640,00 

3,600    "          "          "    bolts      10c  360.00 

44,000  sq.  in.  planing,  filing,  &c.     3c  1,320.00 

4  square  valves,  2 Xli  ft.      $75  300.00 

4  round  valves,  2  ft.  dr.,      $150  600.00 

2  stop  cocks,  2i  ft.  dr.,       $350      700.00 

8,220.00 

Engine   House. 

Engine  house,  the  same  as  in  the  first 

plan,  14,992.01 

Lands  for  Engine  House  and  Reservoir,     10,000.00 


423,312.03 


For  Contingencies  and  Superintendence 

add  10  per  cent,  on  the  above  amount,  42,331.20 

Total  cost  of  the  Second  Plan,  $465,643.23 


ESTIMATE 

OF  THE  COST  OF   CONSTRUCTING  THE  WORKS   ON   THE 

THIRD   PLAN. 

Crih  Work  in  the  Lake. 


The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan, 

2,076.60 

Inlet  Pipe. 

The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan, 

6,980.00 

Well  Chamber. 

The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan, 

6,600.00 

Amount  carried  forward, 

$15,656.60 

37 


Amount)  brouglit  forward, 

Pumps,  Suction  Pipes,  and  Standing  Column. 

84,000  lbs.  cast  irou                        5c  4,200.00 

8,000     "  wrought  iron  pipe,          8c  640.00 

3,300     "         "           "     bolts,       10c  330.00 

43,000  square  inches  planing,          3c  1,290.00 

4  square  valves,  2  X 1^-  ft.  dr.  $75  300.00 

4  round  valves,  2  ft.  dr.,     $150  000.00 

2  stop  cocks,  2  ft.  dr.,         $350  700.00 


$15,656.60 


Condensing  Engine. 

Condensing  Engine,  the  same  as  in  the 
First  Plan,  except  the  Steam  Cylinder, 
which  is  44  inches  diameter, 

Non-condensing  duplicate  Engine,  and 
pumps,  and  connecting  pipes, 

Engine  House. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan, 

Pumping  Mains. 
1,650  tons  of  pipe,  50c.  82,500.00 

7,300  lineal  ft.  laying,  24  in.,        $1    7,300.00 
8,800       "       "     '    "      12  ".      50c    4,400.00 


Pipes  across  the  River. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan, 

Standing  and  other  Pipes,  Cocks,  etc.,  at  Reservoir. 


80  tons  pipes, 
2,500  lbs.  wrought  iron  bolts 
10,000  square  inches  planing, 

2  stop  cocks,  24  in.  dr. 
6     "       "         18  '•     " 

22     "       "        12  "     " 

3  D  valves,     24  "     " 


$50  4,000.00 

10c  250.00 

3c  300.00 

$350  700.00 

$175  1,050.00 

$75  1,650.00 

$50  150,00 


8,060.00 


21,000.00 


10,000.00 


14,992.01 


94,200.00 


8,685.00 


8,100.00 


Amount  carried  forward, 


$180,693.61 


«8 

Amount  brought  forward,  $180,693,61 

Reservoir  Building^  43  feet  diameter. 
4,702  cubic  feet  rubble,  and  back- 
ing, in  mortar,                12c  564.24 
3,757  c.  ft.  rubble,  in  cement,     18^c  695.04 
1,690  "  "  cut  stone  ashler,          SOc  1,352.00 
182,351  common  brick,                $7.50  1,367.63 
66,902         "           "  in  cement,      $11  735.92 
26,649  pressed  brick,                     $17  453.03 
2,043  .square  feet  flagging,            10c  204.30 
140  lineal  feet  string  course,       $4  560.00 
Porch  300.00 
382  feet  window  architraves,      $1  382.00 
88     "    sills                             45c  39.60 
32     "    corbells,                         $1  32.00 
645  square  yards  plaistering,      25c  161.25 
^,162  ft.  bd.  meas.  floor  beams,  $20  163.24 
2,553  "     "      "         boards,        $30  76.59 
2,043  "     "       "  ceiling  boards,  $30  61.29 
Painting,  $150  ;    Sashes  and  ca- 
sings, $300,  450.00 
Doors,  $50;    Stairs,  $400,  450.00 
182  ft.   iron  cornice  and  brack- 
ets,                              $5.60  1,019.20 
361  c.  yards  excavation,          12|c  45.12 
224  feet  iron  railing,                    $3  672.00 
160    "     "cornice  for  the  roof,  $1.50    240,00 


10,024.45 

Another  Reservoir  Building  of  same  size.         10,024.45 

TanTcs^  43  feet  Reservoir^ 

61,275  lbs.  boiler  iron,                     8c  4,902.00 

27,360     "    cast  iron,                     3ic  957.60 

765     "    rivets                            8c  61.20 

1,620     "    angle  iron,                     8c  129.60 


$6,050.40 


Amount  carried  forward  $200,742.51 


Amount  brought  forward,       $6,050.40-200,742.51 

80,688  lbs.  cast  iron,                      3ic  2,824.08 

7c  1,363.25 

7c  71.75 

3i  124.60 

7c  158.27 

3,075  square  feet  zinc  covering,  13c  399.75 
8,460  feet  bcl.  m.  wooden  casing 

round  the  tank,                6c  507.60 

Other  bolts,  80.00 

Gutters,  &c.  50.00 

240  cubic  3'ards  gravel  filling,  25c  60.00 


19,475 

"     wrought  iron. 

1,025 

"     bolts, 

3,560 

*'    cast  iron, 

2,261 

"     tie  rods, 

11.689.70 


Another  Tank  of  the  same  size,  1 1.689.70 

Reservoir  60  feet  diameter. 
10,026  cubic  feet  rubble,  and  backing 

in  mortar,                        12c  1,203.12 

5,148  c.  ft.  rub.  &  b.  in  cement,  ISic     952.38 

2,186  c.  ft.  cut  stone  ashler,          80g  1,748.80 

362,696  common  brick,                $7.50  2,720.22 

132,836       "           *•  laid  in  cem't,   $11  1,461.19 

37,800  pressed  brick,                      $17  642.60 

2,552  square  feet  flagging,            10c  255.20 

192  lineal  ft.  string  course,          $4  768.00 

Porch,  300.00 

88  lineal  feet  sills,                    45c  39.60 

522  feet  architraves,                    $1  522.00 

32  corbells,                                 $1  32.00 

900  square  yards  plastering,     25c  225.00 

10,208  ft.  bd.  m.  floor  boards,       $20  204.16 

3,190  "     "     "  boards                  $30  95.70 

2,552  "     "  ceiling  boards           $30  76.56 

Painting,  150.00 

Sashes  and  casings,  300.00 

Doors,  50.00 

Stairs,  400.00 

236  feet  iron  cornice,              $5.60  1,321.60 


Amount  carried  forward,         13,468.13-224.121.91 


Amount  brought  forward,         13,468.13-224,121.91 
C73  cubic  yards  excavation,    12^0        84.12 
296  feet  iron  railing,  $3       888.00 

201  ft.  iron  cornice  for  roof,   $1.50       301.50 


14,741.75 


Tank  for  60  feet  Beservoir. 

82,180  lbs.  boiler  iron,  8c    6,574.40 

1,227    "     rivets,  8c        98.16 

2,256    "     angle  iron,  8c       180.48 

54,848    "    ca.stiron,  3^0    1,919.68 

145,680    ."       "  iron  for  iron  floor,  3ic    5,098.80 

23,573  lbs.  wrought  iron, 

7,050    ''     cast  iron, 

1,350    "     bolts, 

4,810  square  ft.  zinc  covering, 

2,765  lbs.  tie  rods, 

Other  bolts,  $80;  Gutters  &c.,  $50  130.00 

12,000  ft.  bd.  m.  wooden  casing,      6c       720.00 

480  cubic  yds.  gravel  filling,     25c      120.00 


7c 

1,650.11 

3ic 

246.75 

7c 

94.50 

13c 

625.30 

7c 

193.55 

X  1  ,Vt>>J..I  t» 

Distrihuticni  Pipe,  Stop-cocks,  and  Htjdrants. 

2.000  tons  pipes. 

$50 

100,000.00 

24  miles  trenches 

1,800 

43,200.00 

150  hydrants  and  boxes, 

25 

3,750.00 

32  cocks  4  in.  diam. 

30 

960.00 

16       "      8  in.     " 

50 

800.00 

4       "    12  in.     " 

75 

300  00 

2  hydraulic  presses 

500 

1,000.00 

Labor  proving  pipes, 

3,000.00 

2,000  tons  carted, 

50c 

1,000.00 

$154,010.00 

Land  for  Engine  House  and  Reservoirs,     20,000.00 


430,525.39 
For  contingencies  and  superintendence, 

add  10  per  cent  on  the  above  amount,     43,052.54 

Total  cost  of  Tliird  Plan,  $473,577.93 


41 
ESTIMATE 

OF  THE  COST   OF   CONSTRUCTING  THE  WORKS  ON  THE  FOURTH 

PLAN. 
Grih  Work  in  the  Lake. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan,  $2,076.60 

Inlet  Pipe. 
The  same  as  in  the  Second  Plan,  4,740.00 

Well  Ohamher. 
The  same  as  in  the  Second  Plan,  7,300.00 

Pumps^  Suction  Pipes,  and  Standing  Column. 

The  same  as  in  the  Second  Plan,  8,220.00 

Condensing  Engine. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan,  23,000.00 

Duplicate  Non-condensing    Engine^ 
Pumps  and  connecting  pipes,  10,000.00 

Engine  House. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan,  14,992.01 

Pumping  Mains. 
1,550  tons  pipes,  $50     77,500.00 

7,000  lineal  ft.  laying 24  in.  pipes  1       7,000.00 
8,000       "  "       12  in.    "     50c     4,000.00 


88,500.00 

J  Pipes  Across  River. 

The  same  as  in  the  Second  Plan,  6,925.00 

Standing  and  other  Pipes^  Codes,  &c.,  at  Reservoir. 

The  same  as  in  the  Third  Plan,  8,100.00 

TJie  Three  Reservoir  Buildings^ 
the  same  as  in  the  Third  Plan,  34,790.65 

Tanks. 
The  same  as  in  the  Third  Plan,  41,031.15 

Distribution  Pipes,  Stop-cocks  and  Hydrants. 

The  same  as  in  the  Third  Plan,  154,010.00 

Land  for  Engine  House  and  Eeservoirs,       20,000.00 


423,685.39 


For  contingencies  and  superintendence, 
add  lO  per  cent,  to  the  above  amount,      42,368.54 

Total  cost  of  the  Fourth  Plan,  $466,053.93 

F 


42 


ESTIMATE 

OF  THE  COST  OF  CONSTRUCTING  THE   WORKS   ON  THE 
THIRD  PLAN,   AS   MODIFIED. 

Crib   Worh  in  the  Lake. 
The  same  as  in  the  First  Plan,  2,076.60 

Inlet  Pipe. 

20,000  feet  board  measure  plank,  $30       600.00 

2,500  lbs.  wrought  iron  bands,     8c      200.10 

1,000  cubic  yards  dredging,         2oc      250.00 

1,000     "         "  excavat'n  on  shore,  15c   150.00 

500     "         "  stone  covering,  $1.50       750.00 

Labor  in  launching,  moving  and 

sinking,  150.00 

2,100.00 

Well  Chamber. 
The  same  as  the  First  Plan,  6,600.00 

Pumps,  /Suction  Pipes,  &  Standing  Column. 

72,000  lbs.  cast  iron,  5c    3,600.00 

8,000    "     wrought  iron  pipe,         8c       610.00 

3,000    "         ''  "  bolts,        10c       300.00 

41,000  square  inches  planing,  &c.,  3c    1,230,00 

4  square  valves,  $75       300.00 

2  round  do.,  $150      300.00 

1  stop-cock,  2  ft.  diam.,       $350       350.00 

6,720.00 


•< 


Condensing  Engine. 
The  same  as  the  Tliird  Plan  except  the 

omission  of  one  of  the  boilers,  17,000.00 

Engine  House. 

The  same  as  the  First  Plan  except  the 

omission  of  one  wing,  10,000.00 

Amount  carried  forward,  $44,496.60 


43 

Amount  brought  forward,  $44,496.60 

Pumping  Mains. 
725  tons  of  pipes,  50c  36,250.00 

3,000  liu.  ft.  laying  16  in.  pipe,    70c    2,100.00 
7,800    "    "        "     12  "      "       50c   3,900.00 

42.250.00 


Crossing  Main  and  Soutli  Branch  of  River. 
3,000  cubic  yards  dredging,         25c  750.00 
50,000  lbs.  wrought  iron  pipe,         8c  2,400.00 
4  cocks,  12  inches  diam.,       $75  300.00 
200  c.  yds.  stone  covering,     $1.50  300.00 
Launching,  moving,  and  sink- 
ing pipes,  300.00 


4,050.00 

Pipes,   Docks,  dr.,  at  Reservoir. 

25  tons  of  pipes,  $50    1,250.00 

1,000  lbs.  wrought  iron  bolts,      10c      100.00 

4,000  square  inches  planing,  &c.,  3c       120.00 

1  stop-cock,  24  in.  diam.,     $350       350.00 

3  stop-cocks,  12  "     "  $75      225.00 

1  D  valve,  $50        50.00 

2,095.00 

Reservoir  Building. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan,  14,741.75 

Tanh. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan,  17,651.73 

Distribution  Pipes,  Stop-codes,  &  Hydrants. 

The  same  as  the  Third  Plan,  154,010.00 

Land  for  Engine  House  and  Eeservoir,      10,000.00 


289,295.08 


For  contingencies  and  superintendence, 

add  10  per  cent,  on  the  above  amount,     28,929.51 

Total  cost  of  Third  Plan,  as  modified,     $318,224.59 


44 
ESTIMATE 

OF   THE   COST   OF   CONSTRUCTING   THE   WORKS   ON   THE 
FOURTH   PLAN,    AS   MODIFIED. 

Orib  Work  in  the  Lake. 
The  same  as  the  First  Plan,  2,076.60 

Inlet  Pipe. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  2,100.00 

Well  Clicimber. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  6,600.00 

Pumps,  Suction  Pipes,  &c. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified.  6,720.00 

Condensing  Engine. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  17,000.00 

Engine  House. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  10,000.00 

Pumping  Mains. 
1,000  tons  pipes,  $50   50,000.00 

7,000  lin.  ft.  laying  16  in.  pipe,  70c     4,900.00 
6,000     "     "      *•      12  "       "     50c     3,000.00 

57,900.00 


Crossing  the  Branches  of  the  Piver. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  4,050.00 

Pipes,  Cocks,  &c,,  at  the  Pesercoir. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  2,095.00 

Reservoir  Building. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  14,741.75 

Reservoir  Tanks. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,  17,651.73 

Distribution  Pipes,  Stop-cocks  &  Hydrants. 
The  same  as  the  Third  Plan  modified,        154,010.00 
Land  for  Engine  House  and  Reservoir, 

the  same  as  Third  Plan  modified,  10,000.00 


304,945.08 
For  contingencies  and  superintendence, 

add  10  per  cent,  on  the  above  amount,      30,494.51 
Total  cost  of  Fourth  Plan,  as  modified,     $335,439.59 


45 


ANNUAL  EXPENSES  OF  THE  WORKS. 
The  cost  01  running  the  engine,  when  working  at  one-half 
its  power,  is  per  day,  as  follows : 

1  Engineer,  at  $2       2.00 

1  Fireman,  $1.25       1.25 

1  Laborer,  $1.00       1.00 

2  Tons  of  coal,  $5.00     10.00 
Oil,  tallow,  etc.,                  $1,00  ,     1.00 

Eepairs  of  engine  &  pumps,  $5.00       5.00 


$20.25 

This  will  amount  per  year  to  7,391.25 

Salary  of  1  Superintendent,  1,500.00 

"  1  Clerk,  500.00 

"        "  2  Laborers,  $250  500.00 

Miscellaneous  expenses,  608.75 

Amount  of  annual  expenses,  $10,500.00^ 

"When  working  at  full  power,  the  cost  of  running 
the  engine  will  be  increased  to  $33.75  per  day. 
This  will  amount  per  year  to  12,318.75 
Salaries  of  Superintendent  & 

Clerk,  as  above,  2,000.00 

Salaries  of  six  laborers,  at  $250  1,500.00 
Miscellaneous  expenses,  say      2,181.25 

$18,000.00 


46 


STATEMENT 
Of  the  Buildings,    Manufactories,    &c.,   in  the  Districts  in 
which  Pipes  are  proposed  at  first  to  be  laid,  as  given  in  the 
Enumeration,   made  in   July,  1851.      Showing  also,  the 
"Water  Rates  which  may  be  collected  therefrom. 


DESCRIPTION  OP  BUILDINGS. 

Number  ut'  liuildiugs. 

&c.,in  the  UiTisiotuj  of 

the  City 

Rate 

UOLS 

3 
100 

300 

5 

3 

20 

5 

5 

30 

5 

100 

20 

5 

10 

100 

Amount 

nt'h. 

s't'h 

WEST. 

TOTAL 

doll's. 

Banking  Houses 

9 
2 
2 

1 

2 
"   8 

"i 

23 

•••3 
3 

9 
2 
6 
1 
2 
9 
8 

93 
2 

20 

101 

2 

2 

20 
6 
2 

1        45 

Telegraph  Offices ^  • 

'  i 

g 

Foundries 

500 

Railroad  Depots 

300 

Marble   Yards 

.... 

2 

6 

•7 

85 

2 

11 

76 

2 

:! 

2 

10 

Pire  Engine  Houses 

Public  buildings 

1 
1 

27 
160 

Machine  Shops 

466 

Green  Houses 

•  •  •  • 

10 

Steam  Engines  in  use 

Manufactories 

2 
2 

600 
506 
200 

Bath  Houses 

Flouring  and  iaw  Mills 

40 

Drug    Stores 

3 
2 

100 

Meat  Markets 

50 

Vackiiig  Houses 

200 

Slaughter  Houses 

Tanneries 

Brick    Yards 

1 

"3 
6 
1 

1 
2 
3 

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3 

1 

30 

34 

800 

875 

1 

3 

9i 

32' 

69 

■1 

12 

20 

1 

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4 

18 

80 

250 

166 

901 

1199 

20 

3 

5 

75 

95 

10 

8 

10 

10 

100 

100 

25 

5 

5 

6 

10 

7 

12 

20 

Book  Binderies 

3 

9 
26 
63 

"u 

8 

'I 

1 

2 

12 

23 

219 

129 

301 

614 

9 

Printing  Offices 

45 

Taverns  and  Hotels 

3 

2,400 
1,726 

Soap  and  Candle  Factories 

1 
2 
2 

4 

20 

Barber  •  Shops 

64 

Bakeries 

120 

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200 
100 

Breweries 

100 

Public  Scliools   '. . 

1 
3 

■? 

3 
300 
210 

100 

Private  Schools '. . 

Warehouses 

90 
150 

Stables 

1,500 
1,660 
6,807 

Groceries  and  Saloons 

do        "2     do     

do        "  2     do  and  over 

18,888 

^  Stores  of  1|  story 

se 

50 

'i48 

1 



30 
198 

6 
10 

150 

1,980 

do     "    2      do  and  over 

1961 
250 

2U0 
100 

"200! 

150 

50 

196 
575 
425 
200 

6 
8 

I 

980 

Bathing  Tubs,  private 

125 
75 
50 

1,725 
426 

Water  Closets 

Street  Washing 

400 

Fountains,    private 

20 

60 

30! 

100 

5 

600 

•    Total 

$37,366 

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48 

The  formula,  for  the  computations  of  the  power  of  the 
Condensing  Steam  Engine,  is  taken  from  Haswell,  as  follows: 

f  {P+v)-{f+m)xS-^, 
where  P,  represents  the  mean  effective  pressure,  and  v  the 
vacuum,  upon  the  steam  cylinder  piston ;  /  represents  the 
pressure  upon  the  piston,  necessary  to  overcome  the  fric- 
tion of  the  engine,  and  m  that  of  the  air  pump  piston; 
V  represents  the  vacuum,  against  which  the  ^Dump  piston 
is  worked. 

A  steam  cylinder  46  inches  diameter,  9  feet  stroke,  Avith 
a  velocity  of  the  piston  of  240  feet  per  minute ;  the  pressure 
■  of  the  steam  on  the  piston  20  pounds  per  square  inch,  cut 
off  at  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  stroke,  the  mean  pressure 
of  the  steam  ou  the  piston  is  (108+l)-i-(27+l)=3.892=60-rV 
per  cent.,  and  20. X. 607=12. 14  pound  per  square  inch,  for 
the  mean  effective  pressure. 

f =9.5  pounds  pressure  per  squai'e  inch. 
/!=  One-fifth  of  the  pressure  of  the  steam  V— ^• 
m=2  lbs.  per  square  inch, 
;S'=240  feet,  and  n—SO  feet  per  minute. 
v=9.5  pounds  resistance. 

Then  (P-fz;)-(/+m)=(12.14+9.5)-(4+2)=15.64:  46  in. 
diameter  equals  1661.9  in.  area,  and  34  in.  diameter  907.92 
in.  area,  and  1,661.9 Xl5.64x240.=6,238,107.84  pounds, 
from  which  deduct  907.92 X9.5x.80=690,019.20  pounds, 
leaves  an  available  power  of  5,548,088.64  pounds,  raised  one 
foot  high  per  minute. 

The  power  of  an  engine  with  a  steam  cylinder  of  44  inches 
diameter,  and  an  air  pump  of  82  inches  diameter,  is  as  fol- 
lows: 44  in.  diam.=l,520.5  area,  and  32  in.  diam.=804.24 
area.  Then  1,520.5x15.64x240=5,707,348.8  pounds,  from 
which  deduct  804.24x9.5x80=611,222.4  pounds,  which 
leaves  an  available  power  of  5,096,126.4  pounds  raised  one 
foot  high  per  minute. 

The  power  of  an  engine  with  a  steam  cylinder  of  48  inches 
diameter,  and  an  air  pump  of  36  inches  diameter,  is  as  fol- 
lows: 48  in.  diam.=l, 809.5  area,  and  36  in.  diam. =1,017.8 
area.     Then  1,809.5x15.64x240=6,792,139.2  pounds,  from 


49 

wtiuli  deduct  1,017.8x9.5x80=773,528  pounds;  leaves  an 

available  power  of  6,018,611.2  pounds  raised  one  foot  high 
per  minute. 

The  formula  which  has  been  used  in  calculating  the  power 
necessary  to  overcome  resistance  caused  by  the  friction  of 
the  Avater  passing  through  long  pipes,  is  that  given  by  Mr. 
Hawksley,  in  his  evidence  before  the  commissioners  appointed 
by  the  British  Parliament  "to  inquire  into  the  state  of  large 
towns  and  populous  districts."     Tiie  formula 

When  P  represents  the  horse  power  necessary  to  overcome 
the  friction,  Q  represents  the  gallons  delivered  in  one  second, 
I  the  length,  and  d  the  diameter  of  the  pipe,  both  in  inches. 

The  different  quantities  of  water  required  to  be  forced 
through  the  mains  are  as  follows  : 

3,000,000  gallons  in  12  hours  is  69.41  gallons  per  second. 

2,250,000       "         "  "       "       "  52.08  "           "         " 

1,500,000      "        "  "       ''       "  34.72  " 

750,000       '•        "  ''      "       "  17.30  "          '•        " 

The  different  sized  mains  and  their  length  are  as  follows : 

12  in.  diam.,  3,500,  3,700,  and  4,300  feet  long. 

16  in.     "       3,000. 

24  in.     "       3,000,  4,300,  6,000,  7,000,  and  10,000  ft.  long. 

To  discharge  750,000  gallons  of  water  through  a  pipe  12 
inches  diameter,  3,500  feet  long,  requires  a  power  of 

p^l7.36='x42,000^5,231.77x42.000^219,734,340^ 
140  X    12  5  140x248,832        34,8367480 

6.3076. 

To  discharge  the  same  quantity  through  a  j^ipe  12  inches 
diameter,  and  3,700  feet  long,  will  require  a  power  of 

17.363x44,400    5,231.77x44,400    232,290,58^ 


140X12'       ~    140X248,832    ""  34,836,480 
6.668. 

G 


50 

To  discliarge  the  same  quantity  through  a  pipe  of  12  inches 
diameter,  and  4,300  feet  long,  requires  a  power  of 

_  17.36  =»X  51,600     5,231.77X51,600    269,959,332 
^""^40X12^       """140X248,832    ~  34;836,480~ 
7.7493. 

To  discharge  1,500,000  gallons  through  a  pipe  16  inches 
diameter,  and  3,000  feet  long,  will  require  a  power  of 

34.72=^X36,000    41,854.21x36,000     1,506,751,560^ 


140x16*      ~    140X1,048,576  ~  146,800,640  ~ 
10.2639. 

To  discharge  2,250,000  gallons  through  a  pipe  24  inches 
diameter,  and  4,300  feet  long,  will  require  a  power  of 

52.08=' X51,600     141,257.95x51,600    7,288,910,220 


140X24*       ~     140X7,962,624        1,114,767,360" 
6.5385. 

To  discharge  3,000,000  gallons  through  a  pipe  24  inches 
diameter,  and  3,000  feet  long,  will  require  a  power  of 

69.44=^X36,000  334,833.68  X  36,000  12,054,012,480_ 
^~  140X24*  """140x77962,624  ~~i;il47767r3"60~ 
10.813. 

To  discharge  the  same  quantity  through  a  pipe  of  24  in. 
diameter,  and  6,000  feet  long  requires  a  power  of 

69.44  ='X  72,000    334,833.68x72,000    24,108,024,96a 
^~      140X24*      "140x7,962,624     ~  1,114,767,360" 
21.626. 

To  discharge  the  same  quantity  througli  a  pipe  of  the  same 
diameter  and  7,000  feet  long, 

69^4  =»  X  84,000  _334,833. 68  X  84,000_  28,126,029,120 


140X24*  140x7,962,624  1,114,767,360" 

25.23, 


51 

To  discharge  the  same  quantity  through  a  pipe  of  the  same 
diameter,  and  10,000  feet  long. 

69.44=^  Xl20,000^334,833.68xl20,000_40,180,011,f:00 
^~       140x24^  140x7,962,624  1,114,767,360 

=  36.0434  nearly. 

To  discharge  1,125,000  gallons  through  a  pipe  12  inches 
diameter,  and  4,300  feet  long,  will  require  a  power  of 

26.04=^  X51,600_17,657.24X51.6Q0     911,113,584 
^""      140X12  5       ~     140X248,832     "34,836,380" 
26.154. 

To  discharge  3,000,000  gallons  through  a  pipe  24  inches 
diameter,  and  4,300  feet  long,  requires  a  power  of 

69.443x51,600_  334,833.68x51,600     17,277,417 


140X24*      -     140X7,962,624     "'1,114,767,360' 
16.5  nearly. 


STATEMENT 


OF  THE 


FINANCIAL  CONDITION 


OF  THE 


CITY    OF    CHICAGO, 

NOVEMBER  10,  1851. 


Chicago,  Nov.  28tli,  1851. 
W.  S.  GuRNEE,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Chicago: 

Sir: — I  have  been  directed  by  the  Board  of  Water  Com- 
missioners to  apply  to  you  for  statistical  information  connect- 
ed with  the  revenues  and  financial  condition  of  the  Cit3\ 
Will  you  have  the  kindness  to  furnish  me  with  a  statement 
of  the  present  revenue  of  the  City ;  the  revenue  received  by 
the  City  in  each  of  the  past  fourteen  years;  the  amount  of 
taxable  property  for  each  of  those  years,  including  the  pres- 
ent; the  amount  and  value  of  the  property  owned  by  the 
City ;  the  amount  of  City  debt,  and  when  the  same  will  be- 
come due;  the  amount  of  the  School  Fund  and  the  revenue 
thereof,  for  each  of  those  years;  together  with  such  other 
information  connected  with  it,  as  you  may  deem  important. 

Very  respectfully,  your  ob't  serv't, 

n.  G-.  LOOMIS, 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Water  Com'rs. 


Mayor's  Office,  Chicago,  10th  December,  1851. 

H.  G.  LooMis,  Esq.,  Sec'j  Board  of  Water  Com'rs: 

Dear  Sir: — You  -will  find  hercwitli  a  Eeport  and  Tables, 
showing  the  condition  of  the  Finances  of  the  City  of  Chicago 
on  the  10th  of  November  last;  together  ■with  the  other  in- 
formation desired  in  vour  communication  of  the  28th  ultimo. 
The  bonded  debt  of  the  City  at  this  date,  you  will  perceive 
by  the  Note  appended  to  the  Abstract  enclosed,  has  since 
the  10th  of  November  been  somewhat  reduced;  and  it  now 
amounts  to  $119,635,  instead  of  §126,735,  as  noted  at  the 
first-mentioned  date.        Very  respectfully, 

W.  S.  GUENEE,  Mayor. 


Mayor's  Office,  Chicago,  November  29,  1851. 

John  C.  Dodge,  Esq.,  Ch'n  Com.  on  Finance : 

Dear  Sir: — Herewith  you  will  please  find  a  letter  from  H. 
G.  Loomis,  Secretary  of  Board  of  "Water  Commissioners, 
asking,  for  the  use  of  said  Commissioners,  for  information 
relative  to  the  condition  of  the  City  Finances,  &c.,  &c.  You 
will  please  prepare  such  statistics  at  your  earliest  convenience, 
as  will  furnish  the  information  desired. 

Very  respectfuUy,  ^V.  S.  GUENEE,  ]\Iayor. 

Chicago,  3d  December,  1851. 
Hon.  Walter  S.  Gurnee,  Mayor  of  Chicago: 

Sir: — Your  favor  of  the  29th  of  November  last,  covering 
a  communication  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Water 
Commissioners,  requesting  "information  connected  with  the 
revenues  and  financial  condition  of  the  City,"  together  with 
such  "other  information  pertaining  thereto  and  to  the  School 
Fund,  as  may  seem  to  be  most  important,"  is  now  before  me; 
and,  in  reply,  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  such  details  as  I 
trust  will  fully  embrace  all  the  information  which  the  Com- 
missioners are  desirous  to  procure,  and  be  of  service  to  the 
community. 

To  these  ends,  therefore,  I  send  a  Tabular  Statement  of 
the  Population,  Valuation  of  Eeal  Estate  and  Personal  Prop- 
erty, Amount  of  Taxes,  &;c.,  from  the  incorporation  of  the 
City  in  1837,  under  its  different  Mayoralties,  to  the  lOth  of 
November,  1851;  the  result  of  which  is  as  follows: 


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it  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  regular  Census  should  have 
been  taken  by  our  municipal  authorities,  either  at  the  organ- 
ization of  the  City,  or  regularly  after  it  tvas  organized ;  but 
sufficient  data  are  established  by  the  preceding  Table,  from 
the  most  authentic  and  reliable  sources,  beginning  Avith  the 
first  United  States  Census  of  1840,  and  by  the  results  of  the 
investigation  of  subsequent  years,  to  afford  all  requisite  prac- 
tical information  on  this  branch  of  the  subject.  The  Census 
for  the  current  year  has  not  yet  been  taken;  but  there  is  no 
reason  to  doubt  that  the  ratio  of  increase  of  18|,  &c.,  noted 
in  the  above  Table,  and  which  is  rather  less  than  a  fair  aver- 
age, has  been  fully  sustained,  and  that  the  City  now  numbers 
at  least  thirty -five  thousand  inhabitants. 

In  the  other  columns  of  the  Table,  which  relate  to  the 
Annual  Valuation  of  Property,  &c.,  it  appears  that  since 
1843,  there  have  been  steady  prosperity  and  progress.  The 
Taxes  have  varied  from  year  to  year,  according  to  the  pub- 
lic exigencies;  and,  as  a  general  thing,  have  not  been  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  necessities  which  are  incidental  to  all  new 
cities ;  and  it  has  therefore  been  deemed  expedient  to  have 
recourse  to  loans :  but  which,  considering  the  public  works 
and  improvements  which  have  been  commenced  or  complet- 
ed, and  the  natural  growth  of  the  Cit}^,  are,  in  comparison 
with  its  resources,  which  even  now  are  scarcely '  developed, 
of  exceedingly  trifling  amount — as  will  be  shown  in  another 
part  of  this  communication. 

The  speedy  liquidation  of  a  portion  of  these  loans,  how- 
ever, all  of  which  are  bonded,  and  the  ability  of  the  City  to 
meet  the  remainder  long  before  they  mature,  may  be  relied 
upon  with  the  utmost  confidence ;  for  by  the  new  Charter* 
which  was  passed  at  the  Session  of  1850-51,  the  City  is  not 
only  subject  to  a  tax  of  three-and-a-half  mills  on  the  dollar 
for  Contingent  expenses,  a  school  tax  of  one-and-a-half  mills^ 
and  an  interest  tax  of  half  a  mill  on  the  dollar — ^but  each 
Division  pays  for  improvements  which  are  strictly  local  in 
their  character.  And  to  the  ends  that  all  economy  may  be 
practised,  and  the  most  salutary  checks  exercised,  in  all  those 

♦Section  1,  Chapter  V 


cases  where  it  appears  tliat  in  any  one  year  a  greater  sura 
has  been  expended  in  any  Division  than  is  in  accordance 
with  its  relative  proportion,  the  general  tax  in  such  Division 
is  to  be  increased  the  ensuing  year  "by  the  amount  of  such 
excess,"  abating  the  same  "from  the  assessments  of  the  other 
Divisions  respectively."  And  for  the  better  accomplishment 
of  the  provisions  of  the  Chapter,  it  is  made  lawful  for  the 
Common  Council*  to  levy  an  additional  tax  of  four  mills  in 
any  Division  for  general  purposes ;  so  that,  to  defray  Contin- 
gent and  local  expenses  that  may  accrue,  a  tax  of  seven-and- 
a-half  mills  on  the  dollar — in  addition  to  special  taxes  of  two 
per  cent,  for  the  erection  of  a  Lake  Barrier,  Markets,  City 
Hall,  and  other  permanent  improvements  of  a  like  descrip- 
tion, and  two  mills  for  school  taxes  and  interest — may  be 
annually  collected. 


♦  Section  6,  Chapter  Y.,  Revised  Charter, 

2 


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The  present  financial  condition  of  the  City  appears  in  the 
following 

ABSTEACT 

Of  Liabilities  and  Assets,  on  the  10th  November,  1851. 

Funded  Debt  of  City,  as  follows,  viz : 
Bonds  bearing  6  p.c.  int. 

II  u         n     u 

U  U  IQ       U 

II  u       -j9     u 

U  U  IQ       U 

((  u       19     a 

U  U  IQ       U 


City  Orders  outstanding. 


Making  the  Total  Liabilities, 


due  in  1851,      $1,250 
on  demand,  2,500 

in  1851, 

8,250 

u 

150 

1852, 

10,315 

a 

1,150 

1853, 

12,620 

1854, 

500 

1857, 

20,000 

1858, 

5,000 

1860, 

30,000 

1861, 

25,000 

1866, 

10,000 

i^MOfl  ^QK  nr\ 

$36,138.71 
80,605.00 

—                    ^  ^R^  71 

—                       0,000. 1  X 

ilities. 

$132,268.71 

ASSETS. 

Cash  in  Treasury,  ,      $  4,448.00 

Keal  Estate,  including  Hospital,  Cem- 
etery, and  Market  Grounds,  and 
Markets,  viz: 

State-street  Market, 

Market  " 

North  Division  "  41,872.59 


Amount  carried  forward, 


$46,815.59 


8 


Amount  brought  forward,  $•16,315.59 

Wliariing  Privilege  Mortgages,  on 
wliicli  by  lease  the  City  receives  6 
per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  quar- 
terly on  $137,025.20,  or  $8,221.51 
per  annum,  137,025.20 

Wharfing   Privilege  Lots  not  under 

mortgage,  valued  in  1819  at  13,317.80 

Bills    Eeceivable  —  For    Interest    on 

Wharfing  Privileges,  &c.,  3,069.50 

United  States — For  Dredging  Harbor, 

Board  of  Volunteers,  &c,,  6,133.32 

Personal  Accounts — Steamer  Oregon,         279,08 
City  Taxes  for  1851,  $63,385.87 

Less  amount  collected,         8,280.97 

55,104.90 


Tax  Certificates  on  hand,  the  same 
being  for  Lots  bought  in  by  City 
for  non-payment  of  assessments  for 
Planking,  Sewerage,  &c.,  subject  to 
redemption,  1,611.82 

Uncollected  Assessments  for  do.,  on 
which  warrants  are  not  yet  issued, 
estimated  at,  say,  2,000.00 

Fire  Apparatus,  including  Engines,       12,548.75 

Moveables  and  Fixtures,  2,119.18 


Total  Kesources  and  Assets,  $279,525.14  279,525.14 

''     Liabilities,  132,268.71 

Leaving  Assets  over  and  above  the  Lia-  

bilities  of  the  City,  to  the  am't  of  $147,256.43 

Note. — Since  the  10th  November, 
1851,  the  Funded  Debt  of  the  City, 
which  in  the  Abstract  of  Liabilities  is 
ratad  at  $126,735 

Has  been  reduced  7,100 


So  that  it  now  amounts  to  $119,635 


9 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  Statement  does  not  include 
the  income  which  grows  out  of  various  sources  of  revenue, 
such  as  whariing  privilege  rents,  licenses,  fines,  &;c.,  and 
which  go  very  far  towards  defraying  the  current  expenses  of 
the  City.  And  it  will  be  also  observed,  that  though  all  the 
items  which  are  noted  in  the  schedule  of  assets  are  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Cit}',  that  some  of  them  are  not  available  for  the  pay- 
ment of  debts,  although  subject  to  the  demands  of  creditors. 
Their  aggregate  amount,  however,  is  not  large ;  and  the  ex- 
penditure which  an  efficient  fire  department,  and  the  neces- 
sary outlay  for  cemetery  and  hospital  grounds  commensurate 
with  the  wants  of  our  population,  have  occasioned,  are  essen- 
tial to  the  well  being  of  all  cities,  and  especially  creditable 
to  this;  and  the  result  shows  a  sound  and  healthy  condition, 
and  a  safe  and  secure  basis  for  the  transactions  of  future 
years. 

It  is  a  subject  of  congratulation,  also,  that  the  City,  in  the 
midst  of  embarrassments  and  perplexities  which  those  only, 
who  are  conversant  with  her  earlier  history  can  appreciate, 
has  never  been  unmindful  of  her  truest  interests.  The  Tab- 
ular Statement  which  is  appended,  viz : 


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Will  sliow  that  tlic  City  has  worthily  followed  the  example 
of  our  State,  and  in  the  great  cause  of  education  has  identi- 
fied herself  with  the  interests  of  her  children.  By  the  wise 
and  beneficent  provisions  of  our  Statutes,  and  the  good  man- 
agement of  our  agent,  a  large  sum  has  accumulated,  which  is 
not  only  abundantly  adequate  for  our  present  necessities, 


11 

but  from  wliicli  the  City  in  a  few  years  will  be  relieved  from 
taxation  for  the  support  of  her  schools,  and  from  which  must 
flow  incalculable  advantages. 

In  conclusion,  there  is  only  to  remark,  that  a  large  portion 
of  the  resources  of  the  City  are  yet  undeveloped.  With  a 
great  Canal  in  our  midst — a  Railroad  in  our  centre  which  is 
tributary  to  our  commerce — with  almost  every  element  of 
prosperity — our  water  powers  are  yet  only  partially  product- 
ive, and  the  lands  in  our  immediate  vicinity  are  comparative- 
ly uncultivated.  We  have  just  entered  upon  our  life,  and 
not  a  generation  has  passed  away  since  a  wilderness  has  been 
transformed  to  a  gi'cat  City. 

With  an  earnest  hope  that  the  statistics  which  have  been 
submitted  may  2:)rove  of  service,  and  that  your  own  useful- 
ness may  be  long  continued, 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  great  respect. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  C.  DODGE, 
Ch'n  Committee  on  Finance. 


Note. — Of  the  School  Tax  for  the  current  Municipal  year, 
viz:  $12,8M  07,  $1,6^3  22  had  been  received  on  the  1st  No- 
vember, and  the  remaining  $11,200  85,  is  with  the  City  Col- 
lector in  process  of  collection. 
From  the  total  amount  of  Revenue  since  ISil, 
viz :  $105,331.31 

Less  the  beforementioned  amount  of       11.200,85 

—$94,130.46 

Has  been  expended,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertain- 
ed, for  the  erection,  repairs,  &c.,  of  six  School 
Houses  not  included  in  the  valuation  of  the 
Fund,  $47,658.84 

Teachers,  Fuel,  &c.,  to  the  1st  Novem- 
ber, 1851,  45,251.93 

$92,910.77 

Leaving  a  balance  on  hand  with  the  School  


Agent  at  that  date,  of  $1,219.69 

And  at  four  of  the  six  schools — the  other  two  being  in  pro- 
cess of  erection — 2,017  cliildren  were  educating  on  the  1st 
November,  of  the  present  year.  The  average  attendance  at 
that  time  was  1,336.  J.  C.  D. 


'''IliiiiSi 
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